Table 1. Characteristics of Medicare Decedents in the Study Sample From 2000 Through 2015.
| Medicare Fee-for-Servicea | Medicare Advantageb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (n = 270 202) | 2005 (n = 291 819) | 2009 (n = 286 282) | 2011 (n = 262 338) | 2015 (n = 251 229) | 2011 (n = 358 600) | 2015 (n = 513 245) | |
| Age, mean (SD) [IQR], y | 81.9 (8.2) [76.0-88.0] | 82.1 (9.3) [76.0-88.0] | 83.0 (8.4) [77.0-89.0] | 83.4 (8.4) [77.0-90.0] | 83.5 (8.8) [77.0-90.0] | 82.0 (8.3) [76.0-88.0] | 82.1 (8.6) [75.0-89.0] |
| Female sex, % (95% CI) | 57.0 (56.8-57.2) | 56.2 (56.0-56.4) | 60.6 (60.4-60.8) | 60.7 (60.5-60.9) | 59.3 (59.1-59.5) | 54.1 (54.0-54.3) | 53.9 (53.8-54.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, % (95% CI) | |||||||
| White | 88.7 (88.6-88.8) | 87.5 (87.4-87.7) | 88.0 (87.9-88.1) | 88.3 (88.3-88.5) | 88.2 (88.0-88.3) | 84.8 (84.7-84.9) | 83.1 (83.0-83.2) |
| Black | 8.3 (8.3-8.4) | 8.7 (8.6-8.8) | 8.0 (7.9-8.1) | 7.9 (7.8-8.0) | 7.7 (7.6-7.8) | 9.9 (9.8-10.0) | 10.6 (10.5-10.7) |
| Hispanic | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | 1.5 (1.4-1.5) | 1.5 (1.4-1.5) | 1.4 (1.4-1.5) | 1.3 (1.3-1.3) | 2.2 (2.2-2.3) | 2.5 (2.5-2.5) |
| Asian | 0.6 (0.6-0.6) | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 1.2 (1.2-1.3) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | 1.1 (1.1-1.2) | 1.5 (1.4-1.5) | 1.9 (1.9-1.9) |
| Other | 0.84 (0.81-0.88) | 0.73 (0.70-0.76) | 0.77 (0.74-0.80) | 0.70 (0.67-0.73) | 0.89 (0.85-0.92) | 1.27 (1.24-1.31) | 1.46 (1.42-1.48) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.12 (0.11-0.13) | 0.39 (0.37-0.41) | 0.45 (0.42-0.47) | 0.43 (0.40-0.45) | 0.50 (0.47-0.53) | 0.21 (0.20-0.23) | 0.22 (0.21-0.23) |
| Unknown | 0.36 (0.34-0.38) | 0.19 (0.17-0.20) | 0.13 (0.12-0.14) | 0.13 (0.12-0.15) | 0.27 (0.25-0.29) | 0.11 (0.10-0.12) | 0.25 (0.24-0.27) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Based on a 20% random sample of the Medicare fee-for-service population.
b
Includes 100% of decedents with Medicare Advantage during the last 90 days of life.