Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017 Oct 2;58:231–252. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052645

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Core and regulatory components of the circadian oscillator and representative small-molecule modulators. The circadian clock oscillator is composed of a network of transcriptional-translational feedback loops, including the core loop (BMAL1/CLOCK/NPAS2 and PERs/CRYs), the stabilization loop (BMAL1/CLOCK, REV-ERBs, and RORs), and the auxiliary loop (DBP, E4BP4, REV-ERBs, and RORs). Various protein regulators and ligands have been determined to regulate core clock components and circadian functions. Modified from Reference 50 under Creative Commons Attribution license. Abbreviations: BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1; CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CRY, cryptochrome; DBP, D-box binding protein; E4BP4, E4 promoter-binding protein 4; NPAS2, neuronal PAS protein 2; PER, period; ROR, RAR-related orphan receptor.