Table 4.
Summary of selected publications of fluoride levels in rats following fluoride exposure
| Study | Rat strain | Age (n) | Fluoride (ppm) | Route | Duration | Brain [μg/g]a | Serum/plasma [μg/ml]b | Urine [μg/ml]a | Bone [μg/g]b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult exposure | |||||||||
| Balayssac et al. 2002c | SD | Adult (10 ♂) | 0, 75, 150 | DW | 104 days | 1, 5.5, 10.9 μm | |||
| de Carvalho et al. 2006 | Wistar | Adult (10♂) | 0, 5, 15, 50 | DW | 120 days | 0.03, 0.048, 0.115, 0.187 | 647, 808, 1414, 3439 | ||
| Dong et al. 2015a | SD | Adult (30♂♀) | 0.23, 22.6 | DW | 10 months | 1.7, 2.16 | 1.52, 2.31 | ||
| Ekambaram and Paul 2001 | Wistar | Adult (8♀) | 0, 226.24 | DW | 60 days | 0.22, 1.94 | |||
| Gao et al. 2009a | SD | Adult (8 ♂♀) | 0.23, 2.26, 22 6 | DW | 6 months | 1.02, 2.59, 5.96 | 669.4, 1135.2, 1304.3 | ||
| Gao et al. 2009b | SD | Adult (8 ♂♀) | 0, 62.68 | Gavage | 3 months | 0.018, 7.135 | 1.462, 64.966 | ||
| Jiang et al. 2014a | SD | Adult (8 ♂) | 0, 54.3 | DW | 3 months | 0.25, 1.19 CTX | 0.09, 0.4 | ||
| Li et al. 2015 | Wistar | Juvenile-adult (10 ♂) | 0, 22.6 | DW | 3 months | 6.67, 22.5 | 0.0646, 0.189 | ||
| Lombarte et al. 2013 | SD | Adult (10♀) | 0, 15 | DW | 1 month | 2.28,2.85 | |||
| Mullenix et al. 1995 | SD | Adult (20 ♀) | 0, 45.3 | DW | 6 weeks | 0.406, 0.252 BG 0.358, 0.325 CB 0.479, 0.602 CTX 0.258, 0.79 HC 0.396, 0.308 HT 0.634, 0.306 MB | 0.01, 0.077 | ||
| Rogalska et al. 2017 | Wistar | Adult (8 ♂,♀) | 0, 4.5, 22.6 | DW | 4 weeks | 0.0541, 0.0596, 0.0823 | |||
| Rumiantsev et al. 1988c | Rat | Adult | 0, 33.32 | Gavage | 30 days | 14, 744 pg | 2.3, 10.6 mg% thigh bone | ||
| Shalini and Sharma 2015 | Wistar | Adult (10 ♂) | .9, 10 | DW | 2 months | 0.55, 2.61 | .048, .06 | ||
| Whitford et al. 2009 | SD | Adult (8 ♀) | 0, 33.2 85.6, 155.2 | DW | 8 months | 0.082, 3.9, 6.42, 18.1 μmol/kg | 0.32, 15.27, 25.72, 97.56 μmol/L | 150, 5408, 9497, 14,847 | |
| Developmental exposure | |||||||||
| Banji et al. 2013 | Wistar | Dam (6♀) | 0, 20 mg/kg NaF | Gavage | GD6-PND11 | Dams 0.12, 0.32 Pups 0.14, 0.42 | |||
| Basha et al. 2011 | Wistar | Dam (8♀) | 0, 100, 200 | DW | GD0–3 months | 0.318, 1.83, 2.32 CB 0.672, 2.28, 3.43 CC 0.258, 0.993, 1.93 HC 0.358, 2.12, 3.09 MO | |||
| Dong Dong et al. 2015b | SD | Dams 10 months (30♀) | 0, 50 | DW | GD0-PND30 (10) | 1.7, 2.16 | 35, 211 | ||
| Gui et al. 2010c | SD | Dams 6 months (6♀) | 6.2, 104 mg/kg NaF | Food | GD0-PND30 (10) | 6.2 and 104 mg/kg NaF | 0.98, 8.52 | 1124, 1873 | |
aValues represent total F− pg/g (ppm) unless otherwise noted
bValues represent total F− pg/ml (ppm) unless otherwise noted
cValues presented as in publication
DW, drinking water; BG, basal ganglia; CC, cerebral cortex; CB, cerebellum; CTX, cortex; HC, hippocampus; HT, hypothalamus; MB, midbrain; MO, medulla oblongata