Table 1.

Bacteria from gastrointestinal tract of farm animals showing ureolytic or urease activity.

Ureolytic bacteria	Niche	Reference
Bifidobacterium (Lactobacillus) bifidum	Rumen of cattle	Gibbons and Doetsch [44]
Bacteroides sp., Propionibacterium sp., Ruminococcus sp., Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus sp.	Rumen of cattle	Slyter et al. [45]
Selenomonas ruminantium	Rumen of a steer	John et al. [46]
Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella aerogenes and Lactobacillus casei var. casei	Rumen of sheep	Cook [47]
Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Micrococcus varians	Rumen of sheep	Van Wyk and Steyn [48]
Staphylococcus sp., Selenomonas ruminantium, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus sp.	Rumen of domesticated and wild ruminants	Lauková and Koniarová [49]
Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium sp., Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Treponema sp., Butyrivibrio sp., Peptostreptococcus productus and Prevotella ruminicola	Rumen of cattle	Wozny et al. [50]
Clostridiaceae, Methylophilaceae Paenibacillaceae, Methylococcaceae, and Helicobacteraceae familiesa Marinobacter and Methylophilus generaa	Rumen of dairy cows	Jin et al. [51].
Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium innocuum, Peptostreptococcus productus, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium russii, Peptococcus magnus and Fusobacterium sp.	Cecum of rabbits	Crociani et al. [41]
Eubacterium limosus, Staphylococcus spp., Selenomonas ruminantium, and Mitsuokella (previously Bacteroides) multiacidus	Feces of pigs	Varel et al. [52]
Succinivibrionaceae WG-1	Foregut of tammar wallaby	Pope et al. [39]
Selenomonas ruminantium	Rumen	Smith et al. [53]
Ruminococcus albus 8	Rumen of ruminants	Kim et al. [54]
Bacillus, unclassified Succinivibrionaceae, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Streptococcus and Actinomyces	Rusitec fermenter	Jin et al. [55]
Fibrobacter (previously Bacteroides) succinogenes S85, Prevotella (previously Bacteroides) ruminicola 23, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1, Butyrivibrio sp. C3, Megasphaera elsdenii B159 and Selenomonas ruminantium GA192	–	Chan and Jones [56]

^aSince taxonomic assignments of Methylophilaceae, Methylococcaceae, and Helicobacteraceae families or Marinobacter and Methylophilus genera are based on sequencing of functional ureC gene rather than conventional cultivation- or 16S rRNA gene-based approaches, there is uncertainty if these are representative of true rumen bacteria.