Table 4.
Ambulatory |
Bed rest |
P |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normoxia | Hypoxia | Normoxia | Hypoxia | Bed rest effect | Hypoxia effect | Interaction | |
Hematocrit (percent) | 46 ± 1 | 51 ± 1 | 47 ± 1 | 51 ± 1 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.12 |
Total glutathione (μmol/L RBC) | 2692 ± 84 | 2620 ± 79 | 2617 ± 105 | 2547 ± 86 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.34 |
Total glutathione (μmol/L WB) | 1245 ± 49 | 1331 ± 52 | 1236 ± 54 | 1287 ± 51 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.45 |
GSH/GSSG1 (ratio) | 137 ± 26 | 213 ± 34* | 207 ± 41 | 176 ± 36 | 0.93 | 0.52 | 0.02 |
GSSG (μmol/L RBC) | 32 ± 9 | 19 ± 5* | 21 ± 5 | 38 ± 20 | 0.87 | 0.43 | 0.02 |
GSSG (μmol/L WB) | 15 ± 4 | 9 ± 2 | 10 ± 2 | 19 ± 10 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 0.02 |
Glutathione FSR2 (percent/day) | 25 ± 4 | 38 ± 6 | 35 ± 3 | 41 ± 3 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.21 |
Glutathione ASR3 (μmol/day/L RBC) | 669 ± 122 | 990 ± 143 | 898 ± 82 | 1053 ± 88 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.19 |
Glutathione ASR (μmol/day/L WB) | 306 ± 55 | 493 ± 69 | 420 ± 40 | 524 ± 41 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.27 |
GCL-C4 (fraction of GAPDH5) | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 1.01 ± 0.25 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.14 | 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.91 |
GCL-M6 (fraction of GAPDH) | 0.82 ± 0.15 | 1.29 ± 0.14 | 0.87 ± 0.13 | 1.05 ± 0.12 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed with the use of a 2-factor repeated measure ANOVA or ANCOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed using Student t-test with Bonferroni correction. ∗p < 0.05 hypoxia versus normoxia. 1GSH/GSSG, ratio between reduced and oxidised glutathione. 2FSR, fractional synthesis rate; 3ASR, absolute synthesis rate; 4GCL-C, glutamate cysteine ligase– catalytic subunit; 5GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; 6GCL-M, glutamate cysteine ligase–modulator subunit.