Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of survey participants, overall and by life stage in rural Orissa, India (N = 1347).
| All | 1. Unmarried (UM) | 2. Recently Married (RM) | 3. Married (M) | 4. Over 49 (OW) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants | 1347 | 328 | 24.4% | 301 | 22.3% | 376 | 27.9% | 342 | 25.4% | |
| Former Intervention Community | 677 | 50.3% | 163 | 49.7% | 149 | 49.5% | 194 | 51.6% | 171 | 50.0% |
| Age (Range: 18–100) | 36.6 | (17.9) | 21.2 | (3.0) | 23.9 | (3.0) | 35.4 | (7.0) | 63.7 | (10.0) |
| Hindu | 1329 | 98.7% | 326 | 99.4% | 296 | 98.3% | 368 | 97.9% | 339 | 99.1% |
| Caste1 | ||||||||||
| Brahmin | 37 | 2.8% | 10 | 3.1% | 7 | 2.3% | 12 | 3.2% | 8 | 2.3% |
| General Caste | 599 | 44.5% | 146 | 44.6% | 141 | 47.0% | 162 | 43.1% | 150 | 43.9% |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) | 240 | 17.8% | 50 | 15.3% | 58 | 19.3% | 73 | 19.4% | 59 | 17.3% |
| Other Backward Caste (OBC) | 439 | 32.6% | 116 | 35.5% | 85 | 28.3% | 121 | 32.2% | 117 | 34.2% |
| Scheduled Tribe (ST) | 11 | 0.8% | 2 | 0.6% | 2 | 0.7% | 3 | 0.8% | 4 | 1.2% |
| Don’t Know | 19 | 1.4% | 3 | 0.9% | 7 | 2.3% | 5 | 1.3% | 4 | 1.2% |
| Education | ||||||||||
| None | 323 | 24.0% | 3 | 0.9% | 6 | 2.0% | 78 | 20.7% | 236 | 69.0% |
| Some Primary | 392 | 29.1% | 51 | 15.5% | 65 | 21.6% | 178 | 47.3% | 98 | 28.7% |
| Some Secondary | 562 | 41.7% | 228 | 69.5% | 217 | 72.1% | 109 | 29.0% | 8 | 2.3% |
| Higher than Secondary | 70 | 5.2% | 46 | 14.0% | 13 | 4.3% | 11 | 2.9% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Below Poverty Line (BPL) Card | 889 | 66.0% | 226 | 68.9% | 192 | 63.8% | 234 | 62.2% | 237 | 69.3% |
| Have Children | 874 | 64.9% | 0 | 0.0% | 173 | 57.5% | 366 | 97.3% | 335 | 98.0% |
| Number of Children | 2.0 | (2.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.6 | (0.6) | 2.4 | (1.2) | 4.6 | (2.2) |
| No Current Illness | 1079 | 80.1% | 298 | 90.9% | 282 | 93.7% | 313 | 83.2% | 186 | 54.4% |
| Social Support (Potential and actual range: 0–4) | 2.7 | (1.0) | 3.3 | (0.9) | 2.8 | (1.0) | 2.5 | (0.9) | 2.1 | (0.8) |
| Household Water and Sanitation Access | ||||||||||
| Functional Latrine in Household | 483 | 35.9% | 92 | 28.1% | 143 | 47.5% | 117 | 31.1% | 131 | 38.3% |
| Primary Drinking Water Source within Dwelling/Compound | 402 | 29.8% | 82 | 25.0% | 114 | 37.9% | 102 | 27.1% | 104 | 30.4% |
| Bathing Room in Household | 204 | 15.1% | 25 | 7.6% | 85 | 28.2% | 48 | 12.8% | 46 | 13.5% |
| Sanitation Insecurity Domains (potential score range: 0–3) | ||||||||||
| 1: Potential Harms (Actual range: 0–3, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) | 0.8 | (0.8) | 1.0 | (0.8) | 0.9 | (0.8) | 0.8 | (0.7) | 0.5 | (0.6) |
| 2: Social Expectations & Repercussions (Actual range: 0–2.2, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86) | 0.4 | (0.4) | 0.5 | (0.5) | 0.5 | (0.5) | 0.4 | (0.4) | 0.3 | (0.3) |
| 3: Physical Exertion / Strain (Actual range: 0–2.7, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.64) | 0.1 | (0.3) | 0.1 | (0.3) | 0.1 | (0.3) | 0.1 | (0.2) | 0.1 | (0.2) |
| 4: Night Concerns (Actual range: 0–3, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91) | 1.2 | (1.1) | 1.6 | (1.1) | 1.5 | (1.1) | 1.1 | (1.0) | 0.7 | (0.9) |
| 5: Social Support (Actual range: 0–3, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 0.0 | (0.2) | 0.4 | (0.7) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 0.0 | (0.1) |
| 6: Physical Agility (Actual range: 0–3, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81) | 0.5 | (0.8) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 0.3 | (0.6) | 0.3 | (0.6) | 1.1 | (1.0) |
| 7: Defecation Place (Actual range: 0–3, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) | 1.1 | (0.9) | 1.3 | (0.9) | 1.0 | (1.0) | 1.2 | (0.9) | 1.0 | (0.8) |
| Mental Health Outcomes | ||||||||||
| WHO5 Well-Being (Potential and actual range: 0–25) | 13.9 | (7.5) | 16.6 | (6.9) | 15.8 | (6.9) | 13.3 | (7.3) | 10.1 | (7.0) |
| HSCL Anxiety (Potential and actual range 1–4) | 1.9 | (0.6) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 1.9 | (0.7) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 2.0 | (0.6) |
| HSCL Depression (Potential and actual range 1–4) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 1.7 | (0.6) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 2.1 | (0.6) |
| HSCL Non-Specific Emotional Distress (Potential range: 1–4, actual range: 1–3.8) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 1.7 | (0.5) | 1.8 | (0.6) | 1.8 | (0.5) | 2.0 | (0.6) |
Data are number and percent or mean and (standard deviation).
1. For Caste: 2 missing, one from stage 1 and one from stage 2.