. 2018 Jul 15;2018:7287820. doi: 10.1155/2018/7287820

Table 1.

IL-1β level in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and serum of control and kainic acid-induced groups at multiple time points.

	Subgroups	IL-1β level				Kruskal-Wallis H test/ANOVA test
		(n = 6 per group for each time point)				Kruskal-Wallis H test/ANOVA test
		CONTROL	KA	TH + KA	TPM + KA	p value
Cerebral Cortex Median (IqR) (ng/g wet tissue)	2 h	4.16 (0.31)	5.98 (0.26)^a	5.19 (0.83)^a,b	5.41 (0.82)^a,b	<0.001
	24 h	3.98 (0.35)	10.31 (0.62)^a	7.20 (0.68)^a,b	6.81 (0.63)^a,b	<0.001
	48 h	4.24 (0.14)	8.61 (0.52)^a	6.43 (1.00)^a,b	6.46 (0.43)^a,b	<0.001

Cerebellum Median (IqR) (ng/g wet tissue)	2 h	6.26 (0.64)	10.06 (0.80)^a	8.56 (2.41)^a	8.62 (1.10) ^a,b	0.001
	24 h	6.44 (0.95)	13.82 (1.15)^a	10.55 (0.63)^a,b	11.20 (0.78) ^a,b	<0.001
	48 h	6.38 (0.62)	12.25 (0.64)^a	9.94 (0.68)^a,b	10.71 (1.07) ^a,b	<0.001

Brainstem Median (IqR) (ng/g wet tissue)	2 h	5.07 (0.73)	8.71 (1.92)^a	8.03 (2.10)^a	7.80 (1.94)^a	0.002
	24 h	4.94 (0.75)	10.20 (1.32)^a	7.53 (0.60)^a,b	7.12 (0.94)^a,b	<0.001
	48 h	5.07 (0.37)	8.35 (0.51)^a	6.70 (0.87)^a,b	6.89 (0.52)^a,b	<0.001

Serum Mean ± SEM (pg/mL)	2 h	12.92 ± 1.19	28.75 ± 3.08^a	20.83 ± 1.79^a,b	21.25 ± 1.07^a	<0.001
	24 h	14.58 ± 1.98	47.50 ± 3.54^a	35.00 ± 5.00^a	38.25 ± 6.37^a	<0.001
	48 h	11.25 ± 1.91	31.25 ± 2.48^a	18.33 ± 1.05^b	19.58 ± 2.77^b	<0.001

For the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem, descriptive data are presented as the median (IqR) (n = 6 rats per group for each time point) and the significant difference was determined by nonparametric test, Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann–Whitney U (MW) post hoc test with p<0.05 indicating significant difference. ^ap < 0.05 versus control group (MW); ^bp < 0.05 versus KA group (MW). For the serum, descriptive data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 rats per group for each time point) and the significant difference was determined by parametric test, ANOVA test, followed by Tukey post hoc test with p<0.05 indicating significant difference. ^ap < 0.05 versus control group; ^bp < 0.05 versus KA group. ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; IqR; interquartile range; KA, kainic acid; TH, tualang honey; TPM, topiramate; SEM, the standard error of the mean.