Table 1.
Demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and antihypertensive therapy and anthropometric characteristics (n=992).
| Participant Characteristics |
Total (n= 992) |
Men (n=345) |
Women (n=647) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 56.0 (50 - 61) a | 57.0 (51 - 62) a | 55.0 (49 - 61) a | <0.01 |
| Low education (<8 years of education) | 329 (33.2) | 103 (29.9) | 226 (34.9) | 0.11 |
| Low family income (<US$80 per person/month) | 228 (23.0) | 53 (15.4) | 175 (27.0) | <0.001 |
| Psychosocial variables | ||||
| Inadequate patient –physician relation∗874 | 202 (23.1) | 63 (21.0) | 139 (24.2) | 0.28 |
| High emotional stress-depression score | 258 (26.0) | 59 (17.1) | 199 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| Low social support | 338 (34.1) | 88 (25.5) | 250 (38.6) | <0.001 |
| Low family Cohesion | 366 (36.9) | 95 (27.5) | 271 (41.9) | <0.001 |
| Self-perception of health (poor-very poor) | 177 (17.8) | 48 (13.9) | 129 (19.9) | 0.018 |
| Knowledge about hypertension | 542 (54.6) | 190 (55.1) | 352 (54.4) | 0.84 |
| Blood Pressure | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 (123.3 – 143.2) a | 133 (124.3 – 144.9) a | 131 (123.0 – 142.7) a | 0.033 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (75.0 – 86.7) a | 82.0 (76.7 – 80.0) a | 80.0 (75.0 – 86.5) a | 0.006 |
| Blood pressure control (BP<140/90 mmHg) | 626 (63.1) | 199 (57.7) | 427 (66.0) | 0.010 |
| Baseline Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 146 (140 -160) a | 150 (140 – 160) a | 144 (140 – 160) a | 0.134 |
| Baseline Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 91 (90 – 100) a | 92.0 (90 – 100) a | 90 (90.9 – 100) a | 0.270 |
| Time of care in CVHP (years) | 7.0 (4.0 – 10.7) a | 6.3 (3.5 – 8.9) a | 7.5 (4.3 – 11.4) a | <0.001 |
| Clinical variables | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (clinical diagnosis) | 375 (37.8) | 146 (42.3) | 229 (35.4) | 0.032 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)∗865 | 200 (172 – 230) a | 193.0 (166 – 227) a | 203 (177 – 232) a | 0.005 |
| Elevated total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL)∗865 | 439 (50.8) | 138 (45.7) | 201 (53.5) | 0.031 |
| Antihypertensive treatment variables | ||||
| Multiple antihypertensive drug therapy (≥ 2 drugs) | 463 (46.9) | 142 (41.2) | 321 (49.6) | 0.011 |
| Adherence to pharmacological therapy | 381 (38.4) | 115 (33.3) | 266 (41.1) | 0.016 |
| Anthropometrics variables | ||||
| Weight (Kg) | 78.0 (68.4 – 89.7) a | 84.2 (76.0 – 96.1) a | 75.0 (66.0 – 84.9) a | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.57 (1.52 – 1.64) a | 1.67 (1.63 – 1.71) a | 1.53 (1.49 – 1.57) a | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 31.2 (28.0 – 34.9) a | 30.6 (27.8 – 33.9) a | 31.5 (28.2 – 35.7) a | 0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2) | 579 (58.4) | 184 (53.3) | 395 (61.1) | 0.019 |
| Lifestyle habits | ||||
| Smoking (Current smoker) | 253 (25.4) | 87 (25.2) | 165 (25.5) | 0.88 |
| Alcohol related abnormal behavior | 136 (13.7) | 88 (25.5) | 48 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Sedentary (<30 minx3/week of leisure physical activity) | 823 (83.0) | 284 (82.3) | 539 (83.3) | 0.82 |
a Median values (percentile 25–75) or n (%); ∗number of patients in whom measurement was performed. All values included in Table 1 were determined at the time of recruitment to the study with the exception of baseline BP measurement indicative of values at the time of referral of patients to the CVHP. Systolic and diastolic BP and BP control at time of recruitment considers the average of the values in the last year at time of recruitment.