Table 3.
Multivariable adjusted odds ratio for no adherence risk to antihypertensive in hypertensive patients followed in the Cardiovascular Health Program.
| Adherence n= 381 n (%) |
No Adherence n= 611 n (%) |
Model 1 Unadjusted Odds Ratio (CI 95%) |
Model 2 Adjusted Odds Ratio∗ (CI 95%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and socioeconomic characteristic | ||||
| Age | 56 (50 - 61)a | 55 (49 – 61)a | 0.99 (0.98 – 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98 – 1.00) |
| Male sex | 115 (30.2) | 230 (37.6)† | 1.47 (1.22 - 1.76)‡ | 1.54 (1.23 – 1.93)‡ |
| Low education (<8 years of education) | 119 (31.2) | 210 (34.4) | 1.12 (0.93 - 1.35) | 1.06 (0.85 – 1.32) |
| Low family income (<US$80 per person month) | 68 (17.8) | 160 (26.2)‡ | 1.66 (1.35 – 2.06)‡ | 1.39 (1.11 – 1.72)‡ |
| Psychosocial variables | ||||
| Inadequate patient –physician relation | 95 (28.1) | 184 (34.3)† | 1.33 (1.09 – 1.63)‡ | 1.04 (0.84 – 1.29) |
| High emotional stress-depression score | 76 (19.9) | 182 (29.8)‡ | 1.84 (1.49 – 2.26)‡ | 2.15 (1.68 – 2.76)‡ |
| Low social support | 113 (29.7) | 225 (36.8)† | 1.44 (1.19 – 1.73)‡ | 1.34 (1.08 – 1.66)‡ |
| Low Knowledge about hypertension | 200 (52.5) | 342 (56.0) | 1.08 (0.91 – 1.28) | 0.98 (0.81 – 1.21) |
| Antihypertensive treatment variables | ||||
| Uncontrolled BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg) | 160 (42.0) | 305 (49.9)† | 1.67 (1.39 – 2.00)‡ | 1.52 (1.22 – 1.90)‡ |
| Multiple antihypertensive RX | 197 (51.7) | 266 (43.5)† | 0.81 (0.68 – 0.96)† | 0.92 (0.75 – 1.13) |
| Time of care in CVHP (years) | 6.9 (3.9 – 11.9) a | 6.7 (3.9 – 10.2) a | 0.98 (0.96 – 1.00) | 0.98 (0.95 – 1.00) |
| Systolic blood pressure baseline in CVHP | 150 (140 - 160) a | 145 (140 - 160) a | 1.00 (0.99 – 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 – 1.00) |
| Diastolic blood pressure baseline in CVHP | 94 (90 - 100) | 90 (90 - 100) | 0.99 (0.98 – 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 – 1.00) |
| Anthropometrics and clinical variables | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 156 (40.9) | 219 (35.8) | 0.80 (0.67 – 0.95)† | 0.81 (0.66 – 0.99)† |
| Elevated total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL) | 160 (48.3) | 273 (52.7) | 1.23 (1.02 – 1.48)† | 1.26 (1.04 – 1.54)† |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 31 (28 - 35)a | 31 (27 – 35) a | 1.00 (0.99 – 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 – 1.02) |
| Lifestyle habits | ||||
| Smoking (Current smoker) | 97 (25.5) | 156 (25.5) | 0.98 (0.81 – 1.19) | 0.98 (0.78 – 1.22) |
| Alcohol related abnormal behavior | 39 (10.2) | 97 (15.9)† | 1.55 (1.19 – 2.01)‡ | 1.18 (0.86 – 1.60) |
| Sedentary | 310 (81.4) | 513 (84.0) | 1.16 (0.92 – 1.45) | 0.98 (0.75 – 1.29) |
aMedian values (percentile 25 – 75); †p <0.05, ‡p <0.01. ∗OR adjusted for all the variables that were significant at the p<0.05 level in unadjusted model: sex (male), low family income <US$80 per person/month), inadequate patient-physician relation (score ≤ 71), high emotional stress-depression (score ≥7), low social support (score <57), uncontrolled BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg), multiple antihypertensive RX (≥ 2 drug antihypertensive), diabetes, elevate total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL), and alcohol related abnormal (score ≥2) as dichotomous variables.