Skip to main content
. 2018 Jul 11;2018:7151297. doi: 10.1155/2018/7151297

Table 2.

Distribution of ACE scores by sociodemographic characteristics in rural and urban areas of the United States, 2011-2012 BRFSS, 9 states (unweighted n, weighted %).

RURAL (n=29,521) ACE Score 0 
n=13,521 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 1 
n=6,320 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 2 
n=3,446 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 3 
n=2,160 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 4+ 
n=4,074 
(%) 		SE p-value
Age (years)
18-24 7.0 0.64 5.7 0.71 9.6 1.56 7.1 1.45 9.4 1.07 <.001
25-34 7.8 0.45 10.5 0.77 9.6 0.94 11.6 1.26 14.3 1.11  
35-44 10.8 0.50 16.2 0.92 16.6 1.22 20.1 1.65 21.7 1.25  
45-54 17.1 0.56 21.3 0.90 23.1 1.30 19.4 1.44 25.6 1.17  
55-64 21.3 0.57 19.8 0.76 21.4 1.13 23.7 1.41 19.2 0.99  
≥65 36.1 0.66 26.6 0.84 19.7 0.99 18.3 1.19 9.8 0.61  
Sex
Male 47.3 0.76 49.2 1.09 47.2 1.60 45.5 1.89 39.3 1.44 <.001
Female 52.8 0.76 50.8 1.09 52.8 1.60 54.5 1.89 60.7 1.44  
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic (NH) 89.8 0.48 88.3 0.8 88.6 0.94 86.1 1.44 85.4 1.00 <.001
Black, NH 4.2 0.29 5.3 0.64 3.6 0.54 4.3 0.82 3.4 0.57  
Asian, NH 0.7 0.17 0.4 0.18 0.4 0.28 0.6 0.30 0.1 0.03  
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, NH 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.10 0.3 0.18  
American Indian/Alaska Native, NH 1.5 0.12 1.7 0.21 2.3 0.36 4.5 0.91 3.7 0.38  
Other, NH 0.3 0.06 0.5 0.11 0.3 0.12 0.3 0.09 0.7 0.18  
Multirace, NH 0.6 0.12 0.6 0.13 1.4 0.33 1.3 0.45 2.7 0.43  
Hispanic 3.0 0.33 3.0 0.43 3.3 0.57 2.8 0.76 3.8 0.63  
Veteran Status
Yes 13.2 0.47 13.5 0.68 12.9 1.00 13.0 1.13 12.0 0.89 0.749
No 86.8 0.47 86.5 0.68 87.1 1.00 87.0 1.13 88.0 0.89  
Marital Status
Married 64.4 0.74 63.9 1.07 61.6 1.60 59.5 1.85 53.1 1.43 <.001
Divorced/Separated 8.6 0.35 11.4 0.62 13.2 0.90 14.9 1.18 19.7 1.13  
Widowed 12.6 0.37 8.5 0.44 7.2 0.56 8.0 0.76 5.3 0.46  
Never Married 12.7 0.69 14.0 0.94 15.5 1.60 15.1 1.65 16.7 1.26  
Unmarried Couple 1.7 0.23 2.2 0.41 2.6 0.42 2.6 0.53 5.2 0.63
Education
Never Attended School 0.3 0.09 0.5 0.22 0.2 0.10 0.0 0.00 0.2 0.08 <.001
<High School 14.1 0.68 13.8 0.93 15.2 1.45 12.0 1.39 20.2 1.38  
High School Graduate 36.0 0.71 35.6 1.03 35.7 1.50 35.1 1.83 32.2 1.31  
Some College 29.5 0.68 30.2 1.00 31.4 1.50 34.2 1.77 33.7 1.30  
College 20.1 0.51 20.0 0.73 17.5 0.90 18.8 1.19 13.8 0.77  
Income
<$15,000 8.5 0.44 8.7 0.6 9.0 0.83 11.6 1.32 15.7 0.97 <.001
$15,000 to less than $25,000 20.3 0.69 19.9 0.98 20.8 1.38 19.0 1.59 25.1 1.42  
$25,000 to less than $35,000 14.7 0.56 15.4 0.86 15.3 1.20 14.7 1.41 12.2 0.95  
$35,000 to less than $50,000 18.5 0.63 16.8 0.81 16.5 1.03 17.4 1.53 16.5 1.03  
>$50,000 38.0 0.78 39.2 1.12 38.4 1.55 37.4 1.88 30.5 1.35  
Employment Status
Employed or Self-Employed 50.5 0.75 54.1 1.08 56.1 1.57 56.4 1.83 54.4 1.40 <.001
Out of Work 3.2 0.30 6.0 0.59 7.1 0.95 8.4 1.10 10.9 0.93  
Homemaker/Student 8.8 0.47 8.3 0.68 9.3 1.18 8.6 1.16 8.7 0.78  
Retired 32.0 0.63 25.2 0.82 19.2 0.98 17.4 1.16 10.2 0.64  
Unable to Work 5.4 0.36 6.5 0.51 8.3 0.80 9.2 1.00 15.9 1.01
URBAN 
(n=36,141) 		ACE Score 0 
n=15,457 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 1 
n=8,057 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 2 
n=4,510 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 3 
n=2,823 
(%) 		SE ACE Score 4+ 
n=5,294 
(%) 		SE p-value
Age (years)
18-24 6.2 0.55 8.3 0.79 1.2 0.81 6.3 1.07 9.3 0.97 <.001
25-34 8.4 0.43 9.1 0.58 1.0 0.74 10.9 1.12 15.1 0.86  
35-44 14.1 0.50 17.8 0.77 1.0 0.73 19.9 1.30 20.7 1.00  
45-54 19.1 0.54 21.9 0.82 1.0 0.76 23.7 1.32 25.9 0.98  
55-64 20.3 0.51 20.1 0.66 0.8 0.70 23.1 1.22 18.9 0.79  
≥65 31.8 0.57 22.9 0.7 0.9 0.60 16.1 0.95 9.9 0.55  
Sex
Male 46.5 0.69 47.5 0.96 47.4 1.30 41.6 0.39 37.5 1.18 <.001
Female 53.5 0.69 52.5 0.96 52.6 1.30 58.4 0.45 62.5 1.18  
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic (NH) 83.4 0.54 81.2 0.85 79.6 1.18 1.2 0.52 78.3 1.07 <.001
Black, NH 7.2 0.35 9.0 0.58 8.3 0.70 1.0 0.40 9.8 0.79  
Asian, NH 4.4 0.34 3.4 0.45 1.9 0.33 0.3 0.08 1.1 0.28  
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, NH 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.6 0.36 0.1 0.19 0.4 0.20  
American Indian/Alaska Native, NH 0.6 0.10 0.8 0.14 1.4 0.33 0.3 0.60 2.7 0.54  
Other, NH 0.6 0.12 0.4 0.09 0.9 0.22 0.2 0.68 0.6 0.12  
Multi, NH 0.6 0.09 0.8 0.13 1.8 0.39 0.2 0.34 3.0 0.42  
Hispanic 3.0 0.27 4.3 0.55 5.6 0.86 0.6 0.13 4.2 0.48  
Veteran Status
Yes 13.8 0.44 11.8 0.50 12.7 0.75 13.3 1.01 11.7 0.71 0.024
No 86.2 0.44 88.2 0.50 87.4 0.75 86.7 1.01 88.3 0.71
Marital Status
Married 65.3 0.66 61.9 0.95 58.6 1.32 60.1 1.55 54.5 1.17 <.001
Divorced/Separated 8.9 0.31 10.2 0.47 10.9 0.63 14.2 1.11 16.0 0.68  
Widowed 10.8 0.31 7.9 0.37 7.1 0.50 6.9 0.70 4.2 0.32  
Never Married 13.2 0.60 17.6 0.91 19.7 1.30 14.8 1.19 20.0 1.12  
Unmarried Couple 1.8 0.20 2.4 0.33 3.7 0.58 4.0 0.64 5.4 0.61  
Education
Never Attended School 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.07 0.0 0.02 0.5 0.29 0.0 0.02 <.001
<High School 8.5 0.46 9.5 0.69 9.2 0.88 11.2 1.19 13.7 1.01  
High School Graduate 28.1 0.62 27.5 0.86 26.9 1.24 28.0 1.51 27.1 1.02  
Some College 29.8 0.64 32.0 0.92 34.1 1.22 32.8 1.45 37.0 1.13  
College 33.4 0.60 30.8 0.8 29.8 1.06 27.5 1.22 22.1 0.84  
Income
<$15,000 5.2 0.29 6.8 0.54 7.1 0.69 8.2 0.79 11.6 0.66 <.001
$15,000 to less than $25,000 14.3 0.51 13.1 0.76 14.1 1.05 16.4 1.32 19.8 1.07  
$25,000 to less than $35,000 12.3 0.47 11.4 0.62 12.8 0.94 11.1 1.01 11.7 0.86  
$35,000 to less than $50,000 15.8 0.54 14.5 0.65 14.3 0.93 15.7 1.23 14.0 0.79  
>$50,000 52.4 0.74 54.3 1.02 51.7 1.39 48.6 1.62 42.9 1.19  
Employment Status
Employed or Self-Employed 52.0 0.68 55.8 0.95 57.5 1.26 56.7 1.56 53.9 1.16 <.001
Out of Work 4.0 0.26 6.0 0.48 6.7 0.63 8.8 0.96 11.2 0.72  
Homemaker/Student 10.2 0.51 10.9 0.73 11.0 0.96 9.0 1.01 12.4 0.87  
Retired 30.1 0.56 22.5 0.70 18.9 0.85 16.9 0.99 10.6 0.58  
Unable to Work 3.8 0.23 4.8 0.39 6.0 0.52 8.6 0.97 11.9 0.72