Table A4.
Multivariable Regression Results of Financial Strain, Access, and Utilization, NHIS 2013-2016 (N = 88°945).
Financial strain
|
Access
|
Utilization
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Couldn’t afford prescription medication in past 12 months due to cost | Delayed care due to cost in past 12 months | Didn’t get needed care due to cost in past 12 months | Problems paying medical bills in past 12 months | Worried about paying medical bills in past 12 months | Currently uninsured | Waited too long in physician’s office in past 12 months | ≥1 physician visit in past 12 months | ≥1 ED visit in past 12 months | |
| Pre-ACA (2013) |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Post-ACA | −0.020*** | −0.020*** | −0.020*** | −0.030*** | −0.040*** | −0.06*** | 0.001 | 0.01*** | 0.001 |
| (−0.02 to −0.01) | (−0.02 to −0.01) | (−0.02 to −0.01) | (−0.03 to −0.02) | (−0.05 to −0.03) | (−0.07 to −0.06) | (−0.00 to 0.00) | (0.01 to 0.02) | (−0.01 to 0.01) | |
| FPL | |||||||||
| 0%-124% | 0.090*** | 0.090*** | 0.090*** | 0.100*** | 0.100*** | 0.200*** | 0.007** | −0.090*** | 0.08*** |
| (0.08 to 0.10) | (0.08 to 0.10) | (0.08 to 0.10) | (0.1 to 0.1) | (0.10 to 0.10) | (0.20 to 0.20) | (0.00 to 0.01) | (−0.10 to −0.08) | (0.06 to 0.09) | |
| 125%-199% | 0.080*** | 0.100*** | 0.100*** | 0.200*** | 0.200*** | 0.200*** | 0.004 | −0.100*** | 0.04*** |
| (0.07 to 0.08) | (0.1 to 0.1) | (0.10 to 0.10) | (0.1 to 0.2) | (0.20 to 0.20) | (0.20 to 0.20) | (−0.00 to 0.01) | (−0.10 to −0.09) | (0.03 to 0.05) | |
| 200%-299% | 0.05*** | 0.090*** | 0.070*** | 0.100*** | 0.200*** | 0.100*** | −0.001 | −0.070*** | 0.003 |
| (0.04 to 0.06) | (0.08 to 0.10) | (0.06 to 0.07) | (0.10 to 0.10) | (0.20 to 0.20) | (0.10 to 0.10) | (−0.01 to 0.00) | (−0.09 to −0.06) | (−0.01 to 0.01) | |
| 300%-399% | 0.020*** | 0.050*** | 0.030*** | 0.070*** | 0.100*** | 0.040*** | −0.001 | −0.040*** | 0.000 |
| (0.02 to 0.03) | (0.04 to 0.06) | (0.02 to 0.03) | (0.06 to 0.08) | (0.10 to 0.10) | (0.04 to 0.05) | (−0.01 to 0.03) | (−0.05 to −0.03) | (−0.01 to 0.01) | |
| 400% and up | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Note. All models are adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, citizenship status, self-reported health, interview language, functional limitations, marital status, family structure, and US Census Region. All regression results are presented as regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals. NHIS = National Health Interview Survey; ED = emergency department; ACA = Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; FPL = Federal Poverty Level.
*
P < .05. **P < .01. ***P < .001.