Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of opioid users and non-users

Demographic characteristics	Opioid users n=196	Non-opioid users n=101	Total n=297
Age (years)
Mean ± SD (median, range)	56.6±14.0 (57, 19–90)	59.2±13.6 (60, 22–87) P=NS	57.5±13.9 (58, 19–90)
Gender
Total	193*	99*	292*
Female	133 (68.9%)	60 (60.6%)	193 (66.1%)
Male	60 (31.1%)	39 (39.4%)	99 (33.9%)
Not known	3 (1.6%)	2 (3.0%) P=NS	5 (1.7%)
Race
Total	188*	94*	282*
Caucasian	148 (78.7%)	81 (86.2%)	229 (81.2%)
African American	13 (6.9%)	2 (2.1%)	15 (5.3%)
Asian	5 (2.7%)	4 (4.3%)	9 (3.2%)
Hispanic	17 (9.0%)	4 (4.3%)	21 (7.5%)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	1 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.4%)
American Indian or Alaskan Native	2 (1.1%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (0.7%)
Prefer not to answer	2 (1.1%)	3 (3.2%)	5 (1.8%)
Not known	8 (4.3%)	8 (8.5%) P=NS	15 (5.3%)
BMI
Total	192*	99*	291*
Underweight (BMI <18.5)	3 (1.6%)	2 (2.0%)	5 (1.7%)
Healthy weight (BMI ≥18.5 and <25)	48 (25.0%)	28 (28.3%)	76 (26.1%)
Overweight (BMI ≥25 and <30)	67 (34.9%)	33 (33.3%)	100 (34.4%)
Obese (BMI ≥30)	67 (38.5%)	36 (36.4%)	110 (37.8%)
Not known	4 (2.1%)	3 (3.0%) P=NS	6 (2.1%)
Diagnosed or treated for pain disorder of ≥6 months
Total	196	101	297
Yes	187 (95.4%)	87 (86.1%)	274 (91.9%)
No	9 (4.6%)	15 (14.9%) P=0.002	24 (8.1%)

Notes: Not all participants answered all questions. The number of respondents (*) in each section are shown. Missing answers are given as “not known” in the table. P, significance of difference between opioid and non-opioid users.

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.