FIGURE 4.

Attenuation of the glycemic response to 300 or 400 g rice by beverages including resistant maltodextrin (RMD) compared with beverages without RMD in placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs). k = 9 studies, n = 235 adults, 38% male. Trim-and-fill analysis indicated that 3 studies were needed to achieve symmetry in the funnel plot and favored a greater attenuation of −21% (−26% to −16%) of the control glycemic response; bias on such account (<3% of the glycemic response to rice alone) was not significant (P > |z| = 0.24). One study (28) was excluded from this analysis as an outlier because its mean was 2.6 SEs from the combined mean. Not excluding the study gave a trim-and-fill combined mean of 21 (16–26)%, which is not significantly different from the results of the trim-and fill analysis when excluding the study. The lack of difference was attributed to the low weight of this study and the asymmetry it caused being balanced in the parametric trim-and-fill analysis by an additional filling study required to achieve symmetry. D+L, DerSimonian and Laird.