TABLE 3.
Attenuation of the incremental insulin area under the curve in response to carbohydrate by resistant maltodextrin (RMD) as indicated in the randomized controlled trials
| Individual study attenuation | Weight of each study contributing to the meta-analysis2 | ||||||
| Source of carbohydrate | No. of participants in each study arm1 | Carbohydrate in meal eaten | RMD dose | Mean | SE | Reference | |
| g | g | % of the control insulin response | % of the total 100 | ||||
| Starch (rice) | 20 | 103 | 5.23 | −16 | 9 | 18 | Unno et al (2002) (26) |
| Starch (rice and curry) | 35 | 125 | 64 | −16 | 18 | 10 | Yuasa et al (2004) (32) |
| Mixed carbohydrate (starch, sucrose)5 | 21 | 130 | 7.26 | −15 | 9 | 18 | Morita et al (2004) (44) |
| Sucrose | 5 | 100 | 107 | −14 | 12 | 15 | Wakabayashi et al (1999) (22) |
| Glucose | 5 | 50 | 108 | −40 | 9 | 19 | Wakabayashi et al (1999) (22) |
| Maltodextrin | 5 | 50 | 109 | −46 | 7 | 20 | Wakabayashi et al (1999) (22) |
| Combined mean (95% CI for mean) and significance of difference from zero | −25 (−38 to −11) | P > |z| < 0.00110 | |||||
| Trim-and-fill analysis11 mean (95% CI for mean) and significance of difference from zero | −25 (−38 to −11) | P > |z| < 0.00110 | |||||
| Among-studies variance as a proportion of the total variance (I2)12 | 0.67 | P > Q = 0.00813 | |||||
All had a crossover design.
The relative weights (percentage contribution to the combined mean) of the inverse variance according to random effects.
Present in 190 mL green tea.
Present in 250 mL blended tea.
Pastry and jam.
Present in 100 g yogurt.
Added to the sucrose in 150 mL water.
Added to the glucose in 300 mL water.
Added to the maltodextrin in 150 mL water.
Statistical significance of difference from zero attenuation based on the z test.
A nonparametric method of assessing publication bias (53) and the combined mean and CI including an estimate of the possible number of missing studies. Difference between the combined mean and the trim-and-fill mean provide a quantitative estimate of such bias.
Proportion of the total variance (sum among and within study) due to variance among studies.
Statistical significance of heterogeneity (among-studies variance) differing from zero based on the Q test.