Figure 2.
ER stress inducers activate the TOR pathway. (A) S2R+ cells were incubated in nutrient-free media for one hour, and then treated with three ER stress inducers in serum-free growth media for 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours along with two vehicle controls. Then, cell lysates were prepared, subjected to SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose paper, and then incubated with phospho(Thr398)-specific S6K (P-S6K) antibody or tubulin antibody. Distilled water (DW) was used as a vehicle for 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). The same amount of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a vehicle control for 0.2 μM thapsigargin (TG) and 0.5 mg/ml tunicamhycin (TU). (B) S2R+ cells were incubated in nutrient-free media for one hour and then, treated for another one hour with three ER stress inducers with or without 27 μM rapamycin (Rapa). Then, the cell lysates were subjected to Western blot.