Table 1.
General characteristics and risk factors among HF patients with and without subsequent stroke.
| Without stroke | With stroke | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographics | |||
| N | 224 | 69 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 119/105 | 32/37 | |
| Age (y) | 67.6 (12.7) | 70.8 (11.9) | .07 |
| HF characteristics | |||
| Systolic dysfunction (EF < 55%) | 167 (74.6) | 49 (71) | .64 |
| Diastolic dysfunction (EF ≥55%) | 57 (25.4) | 20 (29) | .75 |
| Documented CAD | 156 (69.6) | 53 (76.8) | .29 |
| Aspirin | 142 (63.4) | 38 (55.1) | .26 |
| Warfarin | 41 (18.3) | 8 (11.6) | .27 |
| β-blocker | 140 (62.5) | 44 (63.8) | .89 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 112 (50.0) | 40 (58.0) | .27 |
| Stroke risk factors | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 107 (47.8) | 41 (59.4) | .10 |
| AF | 46 (20.5) | 20 (29.0) | .19 |
| Prior MI | 54 (24.1) | 10 (14.5) | .098 |
| Hypertension | 188 (83.9) | 61 (88.4) | .44 |
| Smoking | 36 (16.1) | 10 (14.5) | .85 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 10.2 (5.5) | 10.8 (5.6) | .39 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 ( 0.7) | 1.7 ( 0.8) | .91 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.3) | .05 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.94 ( 0.3) | 0.98 ( 0.3) | .29 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 2.3 ( 0.9) | 2.6 ( 0.9) | .03 |
| BUN (g/dL) | 12.8 (9.5) | 14.1 (8.6) | .31 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 148.9 (123.6) | 152.6 (129.7) | .83 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.3 ( 0.7) | 4.3 ( 0.6) | .51 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 135.9(11.2) | 136.4 (7.3) | .76 |
| Hb (g/L) | 117.4 (23.1) | 111.7 25.5) | .08 |
BUN: Blood urea nitrogen, K: potassium, Na: sodium, Hb: hemoglobin, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, HF: heart failure, AF: atrial fibrillation, CAD: coronary artery disease, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, MI: myocardial infarction, EF: Ejection fraction. Note: Data presented as frequency (%).
a
Continuous variable, presented as mean (SD); significant P<.05.