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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Comp Psychol. 2018 Apr 23;132(3):253–267. doi: 10.1037/com0000103

Table 3. Time in Whole Arm (sec).

A. Female Treatment Effects B. Male Treatment Effects C. Sex Effects within Treatment

Stimulus Treatment Mean (s) SEM Test F (df) for ANOVA;
X2 (df) for KW
P-value ηp2 for ANOVA;
ε2 for KW
Mean (s) SEM Test F (df) for
ANOVA; X2 (df)
for KW
P-value ηp2 for ANOVA;
ε2 for KW
P-Value Cohen's d Effect Size Directionality
OS- Vehicle 77 ± 7 ANOVA F(3,33)=1.52 0.23 0.12 62 ± 8 ANOVA F(3,35)=2.76 0.06 0.20 0.66 0.76 MEDIUM
EB 63 ± 4 58 ± 6 0.52 0.40 SMALL
A1221 (0.5) 72 ± 4 82 ± 6 0.13 -0.72 MEDIUM
A1221 (1.0) 63 ± 7 61 ± 7 0.80 0.12 SMALL

OS+ Vehicle 102 ± 12 Kruskal-Wallis X2(3)=2.37 0.50 0.07 96 ± 9 ANOVA F(3,35)=2.14 0.11 0.16 0.67 0.21 SMALL
EB 92 ± 5 132 ± 9 0.002 -1.58 LARGE M > F
A1221 (0.5) 111 ± 11 115 ± 13 0.80 -0.12 SMALL
A1221 (1.0) 96 ± 10 109 ± 8 0.37 -0.43 SMALL

SS- Vehicle 47 ± 6 ANOVA F(3,33)=2.27 0.10 0.18 64 ± 9 ANOVA F(3,36)=0.99 0.41 0.08 0.81 -0.78 MEDIUM
EB 65 ± 7 52 ± 7 0.14 0.61 MEDIUM
A1221 (0.5) 64 ± 5 68 ± 8 0.69 -0.18 SMALL
A1221 (1.0) 65 ± 4 68 ± 7 0.69 -0.18 SMALL

SS+ Vehicle 86 ± 10 ANOVA F(3,32) = 0.67 0.58 0.06 75 ± 8 ANOVA F(3,33) = 0.61 0.61 0.05 0.39 0.44 SMALL
EB 75 ± 7 70 ± 8 0.77 0.21 SMALL
A1221 (0.5) 83 ± 6 83 ± 8 0.97 0.01 SMALL
A1221 (1.0) 85 ± 4 81 ± 5 0.51 0.31 SMALL

Time spent in the whole arm (seconds) is shown for Females (A) and Males (B). Data here, and in subsequent Tables 4-7, are shown as mean + SEM. Statistical tests used, values and degrees of freedom, and effect sizes are indicated (SMALL = 0.01; MEDIUM = 0.09; LARGE = 0.25). (C) The statistics for within-treatment sex differences and Cohen's d effect sizes are shown (SMALL = 0.2; MEDIUM = 0.5; LARGE = 0.8) with directionality of the effect. There were no differences due to treatment. The one significant sex difference is indicated. M=male, F=female.