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. 2018 Aug 6;9:3080. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05503-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Structural transformation. a Proposed mechanism³⁷ for conversion of X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-α to X-pcu-1-Zn-4i: b 3-fold interpenetrated pcu nets are offset; c structure in between α- and β-phase with networks tilted but still offset; d centered interpenetration of networks; e distortion leads to breakage of metal carboxylate and metal nitrogen coordination bonds; f non-coordinated carboxylate or nitrogen moieties bind to available metal centres; g 4-fold interpenetrated network.The interpenetrated networks are coloured green, red, blue and purple. h Thermal microscopy images: i as-synthesised crystal of X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-α; j X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-α after desolvation at 100 °C for 30 min; k and l cracks along (101) and parallel to (101) that occur as X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-α transforms to X-pcu-1-Zn-4i. m isomerisation of the node from square paddlewheel geometry (X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-α) to distorted tetrahedral geometry (X-pcu-2-Zn-3i) and then back to square paddlewheel (X-pcu-1-Zn-3i-δ). Three-fold Interpenetrated networks are presented in green, blue and yellow. Colour scheme: C, grey; O, oxygen; N, blue; Zn, dark green.