VPA attenuates Ang II-induced pericyte-myofibroblast trans-differentiation in vitro. Pericytes were treated with Ang II in the absence or presence of VPA. (A) Immunofluorescence images showing that VPA inhibited Ang II-stimulated α-SMA, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ expression. (B and C) Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) (B) and western blot analysis (C) of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), PDGFRα and PDGFRβ of Control, Ang II treated alone and in presence of VPA in pericytes treated with antibody as indicated. Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs Control group, **P < 0.01 vs Control group, ##P < 0.01 vs Ang II alone treated group.