Table 3.
Risk factors for survival: outcome is all-cause mortality and thyroid cancer specific Mortality
| Covariate | Level | Thyroid Cancer specific mortality | All cause mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Univariate Cox regression | Multivariate Cox regression | Univariate Cox regression | Multivariate Cox regression | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | 1.097 (1.092-1.102) | <0.001 | 1.065 (1.059-1.071) | <0.001 | 1.087 (1.084-1.089) | <0.001 | 1.077 (1.074-1.079) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | Female | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Male | 2.892 (2.565-3.260) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.174-1.6) | <0.001 | 2.473 (2.33-2.625) | <0.001 | 1.659 (1.547-1.779) | <0.001 | |
| Race | White | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Black | 1.088 (0.856-1.384) | 0.490 | 1.026 (0.731-1.439) | 0.883 | 1.307 (1.174-1.454) | <0.001 | 1.409 (1.243-1.597) | <0.001 | |
| Other | 1.454 (1.226-1.726) | <0.001 | 0.957 (0.764-1.439) | 0.704 | 0.91 (0.821-1.007) | 0.068 | 0.811 (0.717-0.916) | 0.001 | |
| histological types | PTC | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Other | 3.559 (3.059-4.140) | <0.001 | 1.531 (1.225-1.913) | <0.001 | 2.012 (1.839-2.202) | <0.001 | 1.208 (1.074-1.359) | 0.002 | |
| T stage | TX | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| T1 | 0.028 (0.021-0.038) | <0.001 | 0.263 (0.095-0.725) | 0.01 | 0.231 (0.199-0.267) | <0.001 | 0.595 (0.372-0.952) | 0.031 | |
| T2 | 0.082 (0.060-0.112) | <0.001 | 0.636 (0.229-1.764) | 0.384 | 0.251 (0.214-0.295) | <0.001 | 0.655 (0.408-1.053) | 0.081 | |
| T3 | 0.240 (0.187-0.308) | <0.001 | 1.468 (0.543-3.972) | 0.45 | 0.369 (0.316-0.43) | <0.001 | 0.768 (0.479-1.229) | 0.271 | |
| T4 | 2.654 (2.104-3.346) | <0.001 | 5.72 (2.122-15.413) | 0.001 | 1.792 (1.536-2.09) | <0.001 | 1.742 (1.086-2.792) | 0.021 | |
| N stage | N0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| N1 | 4.904 (4.310-5.579) | <0.001 | 2.198 (1.842-2.623) | <0.001 | 1.732 (1.619-1.854) | <0.001 | 1.573 (1.437-1.721) | <0.001 | |
| M-stage | M0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| M1 | 50.738 (44.873-57.370) | <0.001 | 6.399 (5.313-7.706) | <0.001 | 14.198 (13.057-15.44) | <0.001 | 3.685 (3.227-4.207) | <0.001 | |
| Multifocality | No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Yes | 0.913 (0.798-1.044) | 0.185 | 0.806 (0.689-0.943) | 0.007 | 0.901 (0.845-0.96) | 0.001 | 0.973 (0.906-1.045) | 0.451 | |
| Radiation | None or refused | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Radiation Beam or Rdioactive implants | 16.208 (13.841-18.979) | <0.001 | 2.661 (2.103-3.368) | <0.001 | 3.967 (3.557-4.424) | <0.001 | 1.397 (1.199-1.628) | <0.001 | |
| Radioisotopes or Radiation beam + isotopes/implants | 0.986 (0.859-1.133) | 0.847 | 0.814 (0.676-0.98) | 0.03 | 0.628 (0.589-0.669) | <0.001 | 0.695 (0.643-0.751) | <0.001 | |
| Surgery | Lobectomy | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy | 2.062 (1.467-2.9) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.788-1.767) | 0.422 | 1.06 (0.909-1.238) | 0.457 | 1.023 (0.866-1.209) | 0.785 | |
| Total thyroidectomy | 1.417 (1.134-1.77) | 0.002 | 0.983 (0.754-1.282) | 0.898 | 0.829 (0.762-0.903) | <0.001 | 0.945 (0.859-1.039) | 0.241 | |
ref: reference; PTC: papillary thyroid cancer.