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. 2018 Jul 31;9:1313. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01313

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Copyright © 2018 Avarguès-Weber, d’Amaro, Metzler, Finke, Baracchi and Dyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experiment with human face pictures. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental setup. (B) Stimuli used for training and the non-reinforced tests. (C) Mean ± SEM percentage of choices for the correct stimulus on the 20 total test choices in each of the non-reinforced tests. The black bars show honeybees results (N = 12) while the white bars represent the wasps results (N = 12). The dashed line indicates chance level (^∗p < 0.05). The pictures are used and reproduced with permission from Psychology Press, the original publisher (Warrington, 1996).