Table 4.
The effect of the intervention (estimated by comparing the mean difference of the two neuropsychological assessments (baseline minus endpoint in each group) between the two groups (training group versus controls)) in the training group compared to the control group.
| Training group (N = 25) | Control group (N = 25) | p value | Cohen's d | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recall, mean difference (95% CI) | 0.72 (−0.73, 2.17) | 0.60 (−0.36, 1.56) | 0.887a | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Delayed memory, mean difference (95% CI) | 1.04 (0.60, 1.48) | −0.28 (−0.47, −0.09) | ≤0.001b | 1.12 | 0.48 |
| Word recognition, mean difference (95% CI) | 0.60 (0.02, 1.18) | −0.44 (−1.11, 0.23) | 0.008b | 0.68 | 0.32 |
| BNT, mean difference (95% CI) | 1.56 (1.11, 2.01) | −0.24 (−0.62, 0.14) | ≤0.001b | 1.79 | 0.67 |
| SF, mean difference (95% CI) | 6.04 (4.33, 7.75) | −1.20 (−2.62, 0.22) | ≤0.001a | 1.89 | 0.69 |
| CDT, mean difference (95% CI) | 1.32 (0.64, 2.00) | −0.20 (−0.54, 0.14) | ≤0.001b | 1.16 | 0.50 |
| DSF, mean difference (95% CI) | 1.12 (0.60, 1.64) | −0.16 (−0.60, 0.28) | ≤0.001b | 1.09 | 0.48 |
| DSB, mean difference (95% CI) | 0.64 (0.33, 0.95) | −0.04 (−0.37, 0.29) | 0.004b | 0.88 | 0.40 |
| TMT A, mean difference (95% CI) | −25.44 (−34.99, −15.89) | 32.60 (11.11, 54.09) | ≤0.001a | −1.44 | −0.58 |
| TMT B, mean difference (95% CI) | −9.40 (−19.59, 0.79) | 1.16 (−1.23, 3.55) | 0.003b | −0.59 | −0.28 |
BNT: Boston Naming Test; SF: semantic fluency; CDT: clock-drawing test; DSF: digit span forward; DSΒ: digit span backward; TMT A: trail-making test A; TMT B: trail-making test B; aANOVA; bMann–Whitney U test.