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. 2018 Jul 15;2018:8741698. doi: 10.1155/2018/8741698

Figure 3.

Figure 3

PSP upregulates antiviral chemokines. Anti-HIV chemokine expression was analyzed over a six-day period after being exposed twice with 200 μg/ml PSP. Gene expression of (a) MIP-1α, (b) MIP-1β, and (c) RANTES was determined in THP1 cells treated with or without PSP using quantitative RT-PCR. Protein concentration of (d) MIP-1α, (e) MIP-1β, (f) RANTES, and (g) SDF-1α were analyzed in THP1 cells' supernatants treated with or without PSP using a Luminex bead array. Chemokine concentrations of (h) MIP-1α, (i) MIP-1β, (j) RANTES, and (k) SDF-1 were determined in ex vivo infected PBMCs from healthy donors treated with or without PSP by Luminex. Unpaired t-test analysis was used to determine statistical significance; N = 3 in THP1 and N = 4 in healthy human PBMCs (∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001).