Figure 5.

PPAR-γ/Foxp3 interaction promotes Treg differentiation. (a) CD4⁺ T cells (1 × 10⁶) were treated with pioglitazone (10 μg/ml), SEA (25 μg/ml), or (and) GW9662 (2 ng/ml) for 24 h, and then Treg (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺) cells were analyzed by FACS. (b) Normal purified CD4⁺ T cells of WT mice were stimulated with pioglitazone or GW9662 for 24 h, and then CD4⁺ T cell fractions were subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) with an anti-PPAR-γ antibody, and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by immunoblotting (IB) with anti-Foxp3 or anti-PPAR-γ antibody. (c) The association of PPAR-γ and Foxp3 was confirmed by a reciprocal immunoprecipitation assay using anti-Foxp3. All experiments were repeated three times with similar results (ANOVA/LSD), ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01.