Table 1.
An overview of the insulin categories, types, and available concentrations.
| Category | Type | Insulin molecule | Product name | Units/millilitre and manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prandial | Rapid-acting | Insulin aspart | Fiasp® NovoLog®/NovoRapid® |
100 U (Novo Nordisk) [39] 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [42, 43] |
| Insulin lispro | Humalog® | 100 U, 200 U (Eli Lilly) [44, 45] | ||
| Insulin glulisine | Apidra® | 100 U (Sanofi-Aventis) [46] | ||
| Short-acting | Human insulin | Novolin® R/Actrapid® Humulin® R U-100 Humulin R U-500 |
40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [47, 48] 100 U (Eli Lilly) [49] 500 U (Eli Lilly) [50] |
|
|
| ||||
| Basal | Intermediate-acting | NPH insulin | Novolin N/Insulatard® Humulin N |
40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [51, 52] 100 U (Eli Lilly) [53] |
| Insulin detemir | Levemir® | 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [54] | ||
| Long-acting | Insulin glargine | Lantus® Toujeo® |
100 U, (Sanofi-Aventis) [55] 300 U (Sanofi-Aventis) [37] |
|
| Insulin degludec | Tresiba® | 100 U, 200 U (Novo Nordisk) [40] | ||
|
| ||||
| Insulin mixtures/combinations | Intermediate-acting and rapid/short-acting | NPH/human insulin | Novolin 70/30/ Mixtard® 30/40/50 Humulin 70/30 |
Ratio 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [56, 57] ratio 70/30100 U (Eli Lilly) [58] |
| Insulin aspart protamine/aspart | NovoLog® Mix 70/30+ 50/50/ NovoMix® 30/50/70 |
Ratio 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [59–61] |
||
| Insulin lispro protamine/lispro | Humalog Mix 75/25+ 50/50 | Ratio 75/25 and 50/50 100 U (Eli Lilly) [62, 63] |
||
| Long-acting and rapid-acting | Insulin degludec/insulin aspart | Ryzodeg® | Ratio 70/30 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [41] |
|