TABLE 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=88)

Variable		No. (%)	Mean (SD)	Range
Age			66.0 (9.0)	24 – 86
Time since cancer diagnosis (in years)			12.2 (9.5)	2 – 55
Sex
	Male	58 (65.9)
	Female	30 (34.1)
Race / Ethnicity
	White / Caucasian	85 (96.6)
	Asian	1 (1.1)
	American Indian / Alaskan Native	1 (1.1)
	Hispanic / Latino	1 (1.1)
Education
	High school or less	11 (12.5)
	Some vocational or college	22 (25.0)
	Vocational or college graduate	37 (42.0)
	Post-graduate (masters; PhD)	18 (20.5)
Employment status
	Employed	23 (26.1)
	Not working or retired	59 (67.1)
	Not reported	6 (6.8)
Living Situation
	Alone	16 (18.2)
	Family	70 (79.5)
	Not reported	2 (2.3)
History of hearing loss
	Yes	48 (54.5)
	No	39 (44.3)
	Not reported	1 (1.1)
Cancer Site
	Larynx	39 (44.3)
	Oropharynx / hypopharynx	18 (20.5)
	Oral cavity	14 (15.9)
	Multiple sites	14 (15.9)
	Not reported	3 (3.4)
Cancer Treatment
	Surgery alone	12 (13.6)
	Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy	67 (76.1)
	Radio(chemo)therapy	9 (10.2)
Total laryngectomy
	Yes	47 (53.4)
	No	41 (46.6)
Primary communication method
	Natural speech	35 (39.8)
	Tracheoesophageal speech	26 (29.5)
	Esophageal speech	6 (6.8)
	Electrolaryngeal speech	14 (15.9)
	Other or not reported	7 (8.0)