Table 1.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma biomarkers*

Recommendations	Standard of care	Integral	Integrated	Exploratory	Validated	Identifies high-/low-risk groups	Identifies therapeutic target
Histopathology
BCL2, MYC, and BCL6 protein expression by IHC	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Target-specific IHC (eg, CD20, CD30, etc.)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Sometimes	No	Yes
Genetics
Fluorescent in situ hybridization for BCL2, MYC, and BCL6 abnormalities	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Molecular analysis
Cell-of-origin using Nanostring Lymph2CX assay GCB vs ABC vs unclassified	Yes by various methods	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pre- and post-treatment MRD analyses by DNA sequencing of blood or bone marrow V(D)J	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Targeted resequencing of oncogenic driver genes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Whole-exome sequencing and clonality	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Maybe
Additional
Absolute lymphocyte count	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Serum immunoglobulin–free light chains	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Vitamin D levels	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Serum cytokines/chemokines	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Serum metabolomics	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No

ABC = activated B cell subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma;

BCL2 = B cell lymphoma 2; BCL6 = B cell lymphoma 6; GCB = germinal center B subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma;

IHC = immunohistochemistry;

MRD = minimal residual disease; V(D)J = recombination of immunoglobulin variable, diversity, and joining gene segments.