Table 10.

Human resources for public involvement

Human resource needs	∙ Information and training to equip researchers and publics
	◦ Communication skills, partnership working [52, 63, 67]
	◦ Conduct and organisation of research, specific research tasks (e.g. priority-setting, ethics review) [4, 46, 47, 57–59, 64]
	◦ Availability of resources, content of resources, guidance for research organisations on incorporating training into organisation-wide initiatives [41, 43, 47, 56]
	∙ Sustained support to empower publics to contribute substantively
	◦ Induction and training programmes, mentorship and feedback schemes, with dedicated staff time and space [54, 55, 59, 62, 68]
	◦ Especially important for ‘deep inclusion’ [60]
	∙ Organisational effort to encourage researchers to engage in partnerships with publics
	◦ Education: recruit students from marginalised and ‘studied’ communities [46], teach principles and practice of community-based participatory research [51]
	◦ Mentorship, supportive networks and the need for critical mass [44, 61, 65, 69]
	◦ Recognise and value research involving publics: performance reviews and promotions criteria [44, 46, 61, 63, 65]