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. 2018 Jul 31;9:1716. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01716

Table 5.

The selected main microbial pathways grouped into level-3 functional categories using PICRUSt.

KEGG pathways CTL CP ARGCP P-value
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
Transporters 6.99 ± 1.20b 6.18 ± 0.08a 6.95 ± 0.09b 0.001
ABC transporters 3.32 ± 0.04 3.22 ± 0.06 3.28 ± 0.08 0.505
Secretion system 1.41 ± 0.02 1.55 ± 0.03 1.44 ± 0.06 0.051
Phosphotransferase system (PTS) 1.10 ± 0.13b 0.75 ± 0.04a 1.19 ± 0.04b 0.004
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism 1.58 ± 0.05b 1.36 ± 0.03a 1.60 ± 0.04b 0.001
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis 1.36 ± 0.03b 1.22 ± 0.02a 1.34 ± 0.02b 0.002
Fructose and mannose metabolism 1.16 ± 0.06ab 1.04 ± 0.08a 1.33 ± 0.07b 0.033
Pyruvate metabolism 1.10 ± 0.01a 1.14 ± 0.01b 1.11 ± 0.01a 0.013
Starch and sucrose metabolism 1.10 ± 0.04b 0.86 ± 0.01a 1.05 ± 0.02b < 0.001
Pentose phosphate pathway 0.91 ± 0.01c 0.78 ± 0.01a 0.88 ± 0.01b < 0.001
Butanoate metabolism 0.61 ± 0.02a 0.90 ± 0.02c 0.75 ± 0.01b < 0.001
Galactose metabolism 0.75 ± 0.05b 0.56 ± 0.02a 0.73 ± 0.02b 0.001
Propanoate metabolism 0.52 ± 0.02a 0.79 ± 0.01c 0.60 ± 0.01b < 0.001
AMINO ACID METABOLISM
Amino acid related enzymes 1.36 ± 0.01 1.32 ± 0.01 1.35 ± 0.02 0.151
Arginine and proline metabolism 1.01 ± 0.03a 1.09 ± 0.01b 0.98 ± 0.02a 0.006
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism 0.86 ± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.01 0.87 ± 0.02 0.333
Cysteine and methionine metabolism 0.83 ± 0.01 0.81 ± 0.01 0.84 ± 0.01 0.251
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 0.67 ± 0.01a 0.83 ± 0.01c 0.70 ± 0.004b < 0.001
Lysine biosynthesis 0.67 ± 0.01 0.65 ± 0.01 0.67 ± 0.02 0.380
REPLICATION and REPAIR
DNA repair and recombination proteins 2.89 ± 0.03b 2.59 ± 0.02a 2.82 ± 0.04b < 0.001
Chromosome 1.59 ± 0.01b 1.44 ± 0.02a 1.56 ± 0.02b < 0.001
DNA replication proteins 1.17 ± 0.02b 1.01 ± 0.01a 1.14 ± 0.02b < 0.001
Homologous recombination 0.92 ± 0.01c 0.79 ± 0.01a 0.88 ± 0.01b < 0.001
Mismatch repair 0.81 ± 0.01b 0.70 ± 0.01a 0.78 ± 0.01b < 0.001
ENERGY METABOLISM
Oxidative phosphorylation 1.05 ± 0.06a 1.18 ± 0.02b 0.98 ± 0.02a 0.008
Methane metabolism 1.06 ± 0.02 1.06 ± 0.01 1.04 ± 0.02 0.452
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes 0.82 ± 0.01a 0.97 ± 0.01c 0.84 ± 0.01b < 0.001
Photosynthesis proteins 1.12 ± 0.17b 0.57 ± 0.07a 0.76 ± 0.07a 0.011
Photosynthesis 0.94 ± 0.13b 0.50 ± 0.05a 0.66 ± 0.06a 0.008
TRANSLATION
Ribosome 2.41 ± 0.03b 2.09 ± 0.03a 2.32 ± 0.04b < 0.001
Ribosome Biogenesis 1.44 ± 0.04b 1.31 ± 0.01a 1.43 ± 0.01b 0.002
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 1.25 ± 0.02b 1.11 ± 0.02a 1.19 ± 0.03b 0.001
NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
Purine metabolism 2.40 ± 0.05b 2.24 ± 0.03a 2.40 ± 0.02b 0.007
Pyrimidine metabolism 1.84 ± 0.05b 1.60 ± 0.02a 1.79 ± 0.02b 0.001
a, b, c

Values within a column followed by different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05). CTL, non-challenge control; CP, C. perfringens-challenged group; ARGCP, C. perfringens-challenged group fed diet supplemented with 0.3% l-arginine. Data are shown as the mean ± standard error.