Extended Data Figure 10. Transcriptional inhibition and disappearance of cohesin islands.

a,c. Loss of cohesin islands in response to transcriptional inhibition by actinomycin D (Act D; 5 μg/ml) for 2.5 and 5 h followed by Scc1 profiling in Ctcf Wapl DKO cells. b,d. Dis- and reapperance of cohesin islands in response to inhibition of RNA polymerase II elongation by 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (DRB; 100 μM) and its subsequent removal in Ctcf Wapl DKO cells, respectively. The same convergently transcribed gene pairs are shown for the Act D and DRB experiments (a,b Arid2 and Scaf11 and c,d Ube2k and Pds5a). Please note that Nipbl localization in Drosophila is not affected by transcriptional inhibitors⁵⁰, implying that Nipbl-cohesin interactions may not be sufficient to explain cohesin accumulation at TSSs in DRB treated cells. e,f, Speculative models of how transcription could move one¹⁹ (e) or two¹⁸ (f) cohesin rings to mediate loop extrusion.