Table 1. Characteristics of patients at ICU admission according to whether or not they developed delirium.
| Characteristic | All patients n = 252 |
No-delirium n = 67 (27%) |
Delirium n = 185 (73%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 168 (67) |
39 (58) |
129 (70) |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 68 ± 14 | 62 ± 15 | 70 ± 12 |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 27 ± 10 | 26 ± 6 | 28 ± 11 |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 114 (45) | 28 (42) | 86 (46) |
|
Cardiogenic shock, n (%) |
100 (40) | 31 (46) | 69 (37) |
| Hemorrhagic shock, n (%) | 38 (15) | 8 (12) | 30 (16) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 59 (23) | 11 (16) | 48 (26) |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 145 (58) | 35 (52) | 110 (60) |
|
Ischemic and non-ischemic cardiopathy, n (%) |
119 (47) | 33 (49) | 86 (47) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 97 (39) | 27 (40) | 70 (38) |
| History of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 41 (16) | 13 (19) | 28 (15) |
| History of previous sepsis, n (%) | 55 (22) | 16 (24) | 39 (21) |
| History of neurological disorder, n (%) | 65 (26) | 11 (16) | 54 (29) |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 50 (20) | 9 (13) | 41 (22) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 47 (19) | 19 (28) | 48 (26) |
| History of excessive alcohol intake, n (%) | 25 (10) | 2 (3) | 23 (12) |
| Medications before admission | |||
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 135 (54) | 33 (49) | 102 (55) |
| Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, n (%) | 113 (45) | 28 (42) | 85 (46) |
|
Beta-blocker or calcium antagonist, n (%) |
124 (49) | 29 (43) | 95 (52) |
| Benzodiazepines, n (%) | 67 (27) | 20 (30) | 47 (25) |
| Statins, n (%) | 97 (39) | 27 (40) | 70 (38) |
| Variables at ICU admission (mean ± SD) | |||
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) | 13 ± 2 | 14 ± 3 | 13 ± 4 |
| APACHE III scores | 78 ± 31 | 73 ± 32 | 80 ± 31 |
| In-hospital length of stay before ICU admission, days | 4 ± 7 | 4 ± 8 | 4 ± 6 |
| SOFA score without GCS | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 |
| Cardiovascular SOFA | 3 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 |
| Renal SOFA | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 |
| Respiratory SOFA | 3 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 |
| Variables in the first 24 H after ICU admission (mean ± SD) | |||
| Lowest pH | 7.29 ± 0.10 | 7.29 ± 0.11 | 7.30 ± 0.10 |
| Highest CO2, mm Hg | 47 ± 25 | 48 ± 12 | 48 ± 28 |
| Lowest CO2, mm Hg | 36 ± 7 | 35 ± 7 | 36 ± 7 |
| Lowest PaO2, mm Hg | 96 ± 32 | 92 ± 30 | 98 ± 33 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 176 ± 99 | 175 ± 100 | 175 ± 94 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 126 ± 131 | 124 ± 128 | 127 ± 132 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 2.8 | 3.2 ± 3.4 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 0.85 |
|
Lowest systolic pressure, mm Hg |
87 ± 20 | 86 ± 19 | 87 ± 20 |
| Lowest diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 47 ± 13 | 48 ± 14 | 47 ± 12 |
| Lowest mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 61 ± 14 | 61 ± 12 | 61 ± 14 |
| Highest heart rate, beats/min | 109 ± 24 | 108 ± 22 | 109 ± 25 |
| Lowest central venous pressure, mm Hg | 12 ± 5 | 12 ± 4 | 12 ± 5 |
| Highest central venous pressure, mm Hg | 18 ± 5 | 17 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 |
| Fluid balance, ml | 2422 ± 2445 | 2535 ± 2311 | 2382 ± 2496 |