Table 1.
Disability by Sample Characteristics ( n = 505)
| Sample characteristic | Total sample | Disability (range 0–16) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Mean | SE | p value | |
| Total | 100.0 | 2.07 | 0.15 | — |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 55–64 | 53.3 | 2.04 | 0.24 | REF |
| 65–74 | 30.0 | 1.48 | 0.17 | .050 |
| ≥75 | 16.7 | 3.27 | 0.29 | .001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 37.2 | 1.60 | 0.22 | REF |
| Female | 62.8 | 2.35 | 0.19 | .017 |
| Chronic health conditions | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | ||||
| No | 92.2 | 1.78 | 0.14 | REF |
| Yes | 7.8 | 5.59 | 0.65 | <.001 |
| Arthritis | ||||
| No | 55.5 | 1.09 | 0.15 | REF |
| Yes | 44.5 | 3.29 | 0.24 | <.001 |
| Osteoarthritis | ||||
| No | 88.3 | 1.79 | 0.15 | REF |
| Yes | 11.7 | 4.17 | 0.41 | <.001 |
| Broken bone | ||||
| No | 76.4 | 1.62 | 0.15 | REF |
| Yes | 23.6 | 3.55 | 0.34 | <.001 |
| Joint fusion | ||||
| No | 95.2 | 1.90 | 0.14 | REF |
| Yes | 4.8 | 5.52 | 0.82 | <.001 |
| Stroke | ||||
| No | 92.8 | 1.85 | 0.14 | REF |
| Yes | 7.2 | 5.03 | 3.40 | <.001 |
| Chronic pain intensity | ||||
| Low | 42.1 | 0.65 | 0.10 | REF |
| Moderate | 36.4 | 2.07 | 0.22 | <.001 |
| High | 21.6 | 4.86 | 0.40 | <.001 |
| SPPB score | ||||
| 0–6 | 23.4 | 4.78 | 0.34 | REF |
| 7–12 | 76.6 | 1.25 | 0.13 | <.001 |
| CES-D score | ||||
| <16 | 84.7 | 1.69 | 0.14 | REF |
| ≥16 | 15.3 | 4.19 | 0.50 | <.001 |
| Social support | ||||
| Low | 33.4 | 2.85 | 0.22 | REF |
| Moderate | 33.5 | 2.10 | 0.25 | .052 |
| High | 33.1 | 1.28 | 0.28 | <.001 |
Note: All estimates are based on age stratum-weighted and imputed data. CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; SPPB, Short Performance Physical Battery (Functional Limitations); SE , standard error; REF, reference category. p significance values obtained from unadjusted Poisson regression models.