Table 1. Baseline Predictors of Perceived Unmet Need For Mental Health Services and Service Utilization at Month 15.
| Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services | Received Mental Health Services | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Baseline Predictors | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
| Female (vs. male) | 3.662 (2.058, 6.517) | <.001 | 1.988 (1.147, 3.447) | .014 |
| 21or Older (vs. less than 21) | 1.162 (.701, 1.926) | .560 | 1.462 (.878, 2.435) | .144 |
| Ever Homeless (vs. never homeless) | 2.242 (.862, 5.828) | .098 | .742 (.270, 2.037) | .562 |
| Sexual Minority (vs. heterosexual) | 1.162 (1.031, 3.080) | .039 | 1.735 (1.005, 2.993) | .048 |
| Religious Beliefs (vs. not at all) | .862 (.521, 1.425) | .562 | 1.140 (.687, 1.915) | .621 |
| Not Student (vs. student) | 1.305 (.755, 2.256) | .340 | .846 (.476, 1.505) | .570 |
| Employed (vs. not employed) | 1.551 (.931, 2.583) | .092 | .770 (.467, 1.269) | .306 |
| Substance Use Treatment | .747 (.188, 2.971) | .679 | .773 (.164, 3.641) | .773 |
| AUDIT Score | .996 (.924, 1.073) | .911 | .976 (.902, 1.055) | .540 |
| Alcohol Problems | 1.045 (.958, 1.141) | .322 | .967 (.883, 1.059) | .463 |
| CUDIT Score | 1.004 (.957, 1.054) | .862 | .961 (.915, 1.010) | .117 |
| Stress | 1.016 (.971, 1.064) | .483 | .956 (.912, 1.002) | .061 |
| Anxiety | 0.970 (.877, 1.072) | .552 | 1.070 (.973, 1.177) | .162 |
| Depression | ||||
| None to minimal | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Mild | 1.205 (.624, 2.329) | .578 | 1.507 (.760, 2.987) | .241 |
| Moderate | 1.387 (.594, 3.239) | .450 | 2.610 (1.115, 6.110) | .027 |
| Moderately severe | 1.237 (.331, 4.618) | .752 | 1.678 (.452, 6.233) | .439 |
| Severe | 1.900 (.337, 10.711) | .476 | 2.297 (.424, 12.433) | .335 |
| Thoughts of Suicide (vs. not at all) | 1.412 (.733, 2.722) | .303 | .548 (.273, 1.101) | .091 |
| Depression Impairment | ||||
| Not difficult at all | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Somewhat difficult | .982 (.540, 1.788) | .954 | 1.570 (.844, 2.920) | .115 |
| Very difficult | 1.099 (.399, 3.028) | .856 | 5.395 (1.971, 14.767) | .001 |
| Extremely difficult | 2.212 (.504, 9.702) | .293 | 1.852(.454, 7.561) | .391 |
| Perceived Past Year Mental Health (Month 15). | ||||
| Excellent | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Very Good | 2.245 (.602, 8.38) | .229 | 1.774 (.555, 5.665) | .333 |
| Good | 5.135 (1.402, 18.813) | .014 | 2.815 (.883, 8.969) | .080 |
| Fair | 20.599 (5.611, 75.615) | <.001 | 10.480 (3.250, 33.791) | <.001 |
| Poor | 24.517 (5.416, 100.980) | <.001 | 17.966 (4.501, 71.714) | <.001 |
Note. N=561; Perceived Unmet Need for Mental Health Services = (n=161; 26.1%) Assessed at Month 15, individuals endorsing “yes” to the item “During the past 12 months was there any time when you needed mental health treatment or counseling for yourself but did not get it” were categorized as perceived unmet service need; Received Mental Health Services = (n=141; 22.7%) Assessed at Month 15, individuals endorsing “yes” to the item “During the past 12 months, have you received counseling or outpatient treatment for any problem you were having with your emotions, nerves, or mental health? Please do not include counseling for alcohol or drug use” were categorized as receiving mental health services. All other variables, with the exception of perceived past year mental health, were assessed at baseline. Substance Use Treatment = “Have you ever received treatment or counseling for your use of alcohol or any drug use as a client or patient?”, 0 = no, 1 = yes; AUDIT = sum score on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Alcohol Problems = sum on Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire; CUDIT = sum score on Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test; Stress = sum on Perceived Stress Scale; Anxiety = sum of 5-items on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale; Depression = sum on the PHQ-9; Thoughts of Suicide = created by dichotomously scoring the PHQ-9 item 9 that asks if individuals have had “Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself” 0 = not at all and 1 = any thoughts of suicide; Depression Impairment = PHQ-9 item 10 “How difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with other people?”; Perceived past year mental health = “In general, how would you say your mental health was in the past 12 months?”