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. 2018 Aug 7;8:11820. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30235-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A larger intra-operative decrease in DPP4 activity is observed for patients with better heart function and increased time of aortic cross clamping. (a) Relative pre-OP DPP4 activity in patients that did vs. did not experience myocardial infarction (MI) within the 90 days prior to cardiac surgery. 12 ≤ n ≤ 32. T-test. (b) Relative DPP4 activity in serum of patients with different LVEF, before (pre-OP) and directly after OP (post-OP). 32 ≤ n ≤ 33 (LVEF > 50%); 4 ≤ n ≤ 8 (other). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post-test for comparison of pre- vs. post-OP values. (c,d) Intra-operative decrease in relative DPP4 activity (pre-OP minus 0 h post-OP): (c) in serum of patients according to LVEF and occurrence of a prior MI within the 90 days prior to cardiac surgery. n = 24 (LVEF > 50% no prior MI); 5 ≤ n ≤ 8 (other); one-way ANOVA (Kruskal Wallis) with Dunn’s post-test; (d) in function of aortic cross clamping time. a-c, Shown are means ± SD. (d) Data are depicted as linear regression (black line) with 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines). r = Spearman correlation coefficient; two-tailed P-value. (a–d) *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; n.s. = not significant. LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction.