Table 1.
Main characteristics of studies that use DC therapy for the treatment of HGGs.
| Trial reference | Year | WHO tumor grade, histology and characteristics | Number of patients | Clinical trial phase | DC regimen | Endpoints | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental arm | Control arm | ||||||
| Wheeler et al.28 | 2004 | IV(GBM), ND | 13 | 13 | IA/IB/II | Three vaccines containing 10–40 × 106 DCs per unit, 2 weeks after surgery. A fourth vaccine was administered for patients in the vaccine-only arm. | OS, |
| Yu et al.30 | 2004 | III(AA), IV(GBM), ND + REC | 8 | 26 | I | Three intradermal vaccines containing 107–108 DCs per unit at 2 weeks intervals. | OS |
| Yamanaka et al.29 | 2005 | IV(GBM), REC | 18 | 27 | I/II | Up to twenty two intradermal (mean 7.4) and/or intratumoral (mean 4.6) vaccines, every three weeks, depending on clinical response. The mean number of DCs administered was 5.318 × 107 cells for intradermal vaccines and 4.235 × 107 cells for intratumoral vaccines. | OS |
| Chang et al.24 | 2011 | III(AA, AO), IV(GBM), ND + REC | 16 | 63 | I/II | Up to ten subcutaneous vaccines containing 1.10–6.1 × 107 DCs per unit, every week 4 times, every two weeks twice and every month 4 times. | OS |
| Jie et al.26 | 2011 | IV(GBM), ND | 13 | 12 | I/II | Four subcutaneous vaccines containing 6 × 106 DCs per unit at days 7, 14, 28 and 42. (day 0 is the day blood was drawn, 2 weeks after surgical resection) | OS |
| Der-Yang Cho et al.25 | 2012 | IV(GBM), ND | 18 | 16 | II | Ten subcutaneous vaccines containing 2 × 107 DCs per unit, every week for the first month, every two weeks for the next month and every month 4 times. | OS, PFS |
| Vik-Mo et al.27 | 2013 | IV(GBM), ND | 7 | 10 | I/II | Two vaccines containing 107 DCs per unit, during the first week after completing standard RT + CT regimen, one vaccine weekly for the next three weeks and adjuvant TMZ or DC vaccine every other week. | OS, PFS |
| Batich et al.23 | 2017 | IV(GBM), ND | 11 | 23 | I | One DC vaccine each month, on day 23 ± 1 of a 28 day cycle, alongside a dose-intense TMZ regimen from days 1–21 of the cycle, monthly, until disease progression. | OS |
GBM-Glioblastoma, AA-anaplastic astrocytoma, AO-anaplastic oligodendroglima, ND: newly diagnosed; REC-Recurrent, RT-radiotherapy, CT-chemotherapy, TMZ-Temozolomide.