Table 3.
Characteristics related to different trajectories of work disability among 8558 individuals with a diagnosis of dorsopathy in specialized health care and a decompression surgery 2008–2010 in Sweden.
| Trajectory group A | Trajectory group B | Trajectory group C | Trajectory group D | Trajectory group E | Chi2 (p) | R2difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | (R2 = 0.342) | ||
| All | 3306 (38.6) | 1043 (12.2) | 1295 (15.1) | 1414 (16.5) | 1500 (17.5) | ||
| Sociodemographic factors | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Men | 2106 (46.2) | 529 (11.6) | 698 (15.3) | 632 (13.9) | 596 (13.1) | 192.6 (<0.001) | 0.016 |
| Women | 1200 (30.0) | 514 (12.9) | 597 (14.9) | 782 (19.6) | 904 (22.6) | ||
| Age | |||||||
| 25–34 | 656 (49.4) | 170 (12.8) | 244 (18.4) | 166 (12.5) | 92 (6.9) | 89.5 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| 35–44 | 1190 (45.8) | 345 (13.3) | 417 (16.0) | 366 (14.1) | 283 (10.9) | ||
| 45–54 | 893 (34.7) | 302 (11.7) | 394 (15.3) | 462 (18.0) | 521 (20.3) | ||
| 55–60 | 567 (27.6) | 226 (11.0) | 240 (11.7) | 420 (20.4) | 604 (29.4) | ||
| Educational level (years) | |||||||
| Compulsory school (<9) | 381 (25.4) | 144 (9.6) | 222 (14.8) | 305 (20.3) | 451 (30.0) | 423.6 (<0.001) | 0.037 |
| High school (10–12) | 1591 (34.6) | 595 (13.0) | 773 (16.8) | 801 (17.4) | 834 (18.2) | ||
| College or university (>12) | 1334 (54.2) | 304 (12.4) | 300 (12.2) | 308 (12.5) | 215 (8.7) | ||
| Type of living area | |||||||
| Big cities | 1467 (44.3) | 409 (12.3) | 474 (14.3) | 459 (13.9) | 505 (15.2) | 72.1 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Medium sized cities | 1085 (37.2) | 338 (11.6) | 455 (15.6) | 512 (17.6) | 528 (18.1) | ||
| Small town | 754 (32.4) | 296 (12.7) | 366 (15.7) | 443 (19.1) | 467 (20.1) | ||
| Family situation | |||||||
| Married or cohabiting/with no children at home | 435 (29.8) | 167 (11.4) | 202 (13.8) | 296 (20.3) | 361 (24.7) | 31.4 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Married or cohabiting/with children at home | 1712 (45.7) | 495 (13.2) | 581 (15.5) | 533 (14.2) | 423 (11.3) | ||
| Single or cohabitating/with no children at home | 894 (35.6) | 268 (10.7) | 393 (15.6) | 434 (17.3) | 525 (20.9) | ||
| Single/cohabitation with children | 265 (31.6) | 113 (13.5) | 119 (14.2) | 151 (18.0) | 191 (22.8) | ||
| Region of birth | |||||||
| Sweden | 2794 (39.4) | 913 (12.9) | 1103 (15.5) | 1160 (16.4) | 1126 (15.9) | 109.6 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Nordic countries (except Sweden) | 116 (31.4) | 39 (10.5) | 43 (11.6) | 74 (20.0) | 98 (26.5) | ||
| Europe (except Nordic countries) | 76 (37.6) | 23 (11.4) | 36 (17.8) | 27 (13.4) | 40 (19.8) | ||
| Outside Europe | 320 (36.0) | 68 (7.6) | 113 (12.7) | 153 (17.2) | 236 (26.5) | ||
| Work-related factors | |||||||
|
Unemployment in the year
before inclusion | |||||||
| No unemployment | 3060 (39.2) | 946 (12.1) | 1179 (15.1) | 1244 (15.9) | 1381 (17.7) | 1.7 (0.43) | <0.01 |
| 1–179 days | 175 (31.5) | 75 (13.5) | 95 (17.1) | 119 (21.4) | 91 (16.4) | ||
| ≥180 days | 71 (36.8) | 22 (11.4) | 21 (10.9) | 51 (26.4) | 28 (14.5) | ||
| Previous and current dorsopathies | |||||||
| Dorsopathies a 3 years before inclusion | 2784 (37.4) | 883 (11.9) | 1179 (15.8) | 1271 (17.1) | 1337 (17.9) | 5.0 (0.03) | <0.01 |
| Dorsopathic diagnoses at inclusion | |||||||
| Spondylopathies | 790 (27.3) | 321 (11.1) | 341 (11.8) | 612 (21.2) | 828 (28.6) | 71.4 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Radiculopathies | 2462 (45.9) | 691 (12.9) | 905 (16.9) | 727 (13.6) | 576 (10.7) | ||
| Other dorsopathies | 53 (17.6) | 31 (10.3) | 49 (16.2) | 74 (24.5) | 95 (31.5) | ||
| Fusion surgery at inclusion | 300 (19.0) | 132 (8.4) | 255 (16.1) | 391 (24.8) | 502 (31.8) | 90.9 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Other somatic diagnoses b 3 years before and at inclusion | 1840 (32.2) | 769 (13.4) | 837 (14.6) | 1052 (18.4) | 1222 (21.4) | 79.3 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Analgesics c 1 year before inclusion | |||||||
| No DDD d | 862 (52.4) | 192 (11.7) | 184 (11.2) | 208 (12.7) | 198 (12.0) | 273.7 (<0.001) | 0.023 |
| Low dose (0–0.5 DDD) | 2099 (42.8) | 648 (13.2) | 788 (16.1) | 731 (14.9) | 644 (13.1) | ||
| Medium dose (0.5–1.5 DDD) | 307 (19.5) | 171 (10.9) | 283 (18.0) | 381 (24.2) | 433 (27.5) | ||
| High dose (>1.5 DDD) | 38 (8.9) | 32 (7.5) | 40 (9.3) | 94 (21.9) | 225 (52.5) | ||
| Previous mental disorders | |||||||
| Common mental disorders e 3 years before and at inclusion | 69 (13.1) | 41 (7.8) | 47 (8.9) | 109 (20.7) | 260 (49.4) | 31.6 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Other mental diagnoses f 3 years before and at inclusion | 54 (12.1) | 40 (9.0) | 32 (7.2) | 91 (20.4) | 229 (51.4) | 58.9 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Anxiolytics/sedatives g 1 year before inclusion | |||||||
| No DDD | 3015 (41.1) | 901 (12.3) | 1147 (15.6) | 1195 (16.3) | 1083 (14.8) | 15.6 (0.001) | <0.01 |
| Low dose (0–0.5 DDD) | 280 (26.7) | 129 (12.3) | 145 (13.8) | 194 (18.5) | 300 (28.6) | ||
| Medium dose (0.5–1.5 DDD) | 8 (7.1) | 7 (6.2) | 2 (1.8) | 21 (18.6) | 75 (66.4) | ||
| High dose (>1.5 DDD) | 3 (5.4) | 6 (10.7) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (7.1) | 42 (75.0) | ||
| Hypnotics h 1 year before inclusion | |||||||
| No DDD | 3055 (42.7) | 900 (12.6) | 1154 (16.1) | 1089 (15.2) | 963 (13.5) | 70.8 (<0.001) | <0.01 |
| Low dose (0–0.5 DDD) | 194 (24.7) | 90 (11.4) | 108 (13.7) | 178 (22.6) | 217 (27.6) | ||
| Medium dose (0.5–1.5 DDD) | 41 (10.4) | 45 (11.4) | 25 (6.3) | 99 (25.0) | 186 (47.0) | ||
| High dose (>1.5 DDD) | 16 (7.5) | 8 (3.7) | 8 (3.7) | 48 (22.4) | 134 (62.6) | ||
| Antidepressants i 1 year before inclusion | |||||||
| No DDD | 3001 (43.8) | 842 (12.3) | 1097 (16.0) | 1026 (15.0) | 880 (12.9) | 135.9 (<0.001) | 0.011 |
| Low dose (0–0.5 DDD) | 175 (24.1) | 89 (12.2) | 110 (15.1) | 152 (20.9) | 201 (27.7) | ||
| Medium dose (0.5–1.5 DDD) | 91 (14.4) | 78 (12.3) | 69 (10.9) | 154 (24.3) | 241 (38.1) | ||
| High dose (>1.5 DDD) | 39 (11.1) | 34 (9.7) | 19 (5.4) | 82 (23.3) | 178 (50.6) | ||
aSpondylopathies, (International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10): M47.8, M47.9, M47.9 K, M48.0, M48.0 K, M48.8, M48.8 K and M48.8 W), Radiculopathies (ICD-10: M51.1, M51.1 K and M54.1) and other Dorsopathies (ICD-10: M54.3, M54.4, M54.5, M53.8 and M53.9).
bAll diagnoses except mental diagnoses (F00-F99), dorsopathic diagnoses (M40-M54), uncomplicated delivery (ICD-10: O80), external causes of morbidity and mortality (ICD-10: V01-Y98), factors influencing health status and contact with health services (ICD-10: Z00-Z99), and codes for special purposes (ICD-10: U00-U89).
cAnatomical therapeutic chemical classification system (ATC) codes: N02A, N02B.
dDefined daily dose (DDD) is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults.
eICD-10: F32, F33 and F40- F43.
fICD-10: F00-F31, F34-F39 and F44-F99.
gATC Code N05B.
hATC Code N05C.
iATC code: N06.