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. 2018 Aug 7;8:11792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30196-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fitness defects of putative Tat-secreted protein mutants and involvement of the Tat system in C. freundii motility. (A) Mixtures (1:1) of the C. freundii UMH14 parent strain and sufI or pepP mutants were used to co-inoculate mice via tail vein injection. The number of wild-type and mutant bacteria present after 24 hours was used to calculate the CI for bacteria inhabiting the spleen (circles) and liver (squares). A hypothetical CI of 1.0 indicating no change in relative fitness is represented by the dotted line. Asterisks indicate mutants that exhibited a statistically significant decrease in median fitness (solid horizontal lines) compared to the hypothesized value as determined by Wilcoxon signed rank test (n ≥ 8, P < 0.05). (B) Quantitation of swimming motility for wild-type, tatC mutant, and the complemented tatC mutant (tatC/tatC⁺) strains. Bacteria were inoculated into LB medium solidified with 0.3% agar and swimming motility was quantitated by measuring the diameter of the growth zone after incubation at 37 °C for 16 hours. Bars represent the mean from triplicate plates ± standard deviation. The tatC mutant exhibited significantly less motility than the wild-type and complemented mutant strains by t-test (asterisks, P < 0.001). (C) Representative agar plates demonstrating swimming motility.