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. 2018 Aug 7;9:3127. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05491-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Proposed mechanisms for the pathogenesis and statin therapy of PAP. In the absence of GM-CSF signaling, surfactant-derived cholesterol accumulates progressively in lipid droplets resulting in foamy alveolar macrophages (red arrows indicate the effects of reduced GM-CSF signaling). Statin therapy results in increased cholesterol clearance from macrophages in PAP (green arrows represent the effects of statin in foamy alveolar macrophages)