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. 2018 Aug 7;8:11847. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30291-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sub-chronic treatment with valproate rescued the mania-like phenotype in KO mice. (A) Immobility time in the FST (WT Saline n = 9, KO Saline n = 7, WT Valproate n = 9, KO Valproate n = 7; two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s post-hoc tests, effect of treatment F_1,29 = 12.201, p = 0.016; effect of genotype F_1,28 = 7.28 p = 0.015; KO Saline vs WT Saline p = 0.0002, KO Saline vs KO Valproate p = 0.0027) and (B) TST (WT Saline n = 8, KO Saline n = 8, WT Valproate n = 5, KO Valproate n = 8; two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s post-hoc tests, effect of genotype F_1,25 = 11.63, p = 0.0022; KO Saline vs WT Saline p = 0.0018, KO Saline vs KO Valproate p = 0.0208). (C) Number of square entries (WT Saline n = 9, KO Saline n = 6, WT Valproate n = 9, KO Valproate n = 8; two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s post-hoc tests, genotype x treatment interaction F_3,28 = 5.402, p = 0.035; KO Saline vs KO Valproate, square entries: p = 0.012 at 5 min; p = 0.0189 at 10 min; p = 0.0364 at 25 min; p = at 35 min; p = 0.0048 at 45 min) in NHC paradigm. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m., *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. FST, Forced Swim Test; TST, Tail Suspension Test; NHC, Novel Home-Cage. n indicates biological replicates.