Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical findings of study population.
| Patient characteristics (n = 121) | Values |
|---|---|
| Age (years)† | 64 (57–68) |
| Male : female (n (%)) | 89 (73.6) : 32 (26.4) |
| Diabetes duration (years)† | 3 (2–5) |
| Smoking (current/ex/nonsmokers) (n (%)) | 22 (18.2)/41 (33.9)/58 (47.9) |
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 80 (66.1) |
| Hyperlipidaemia (n (%)) | 87 (71.9) |
| Ischaemic heart disease (n (%)) | 15 (12.4) |
| Peripheral arterial disease (n (%)) | 7 (5.8) |
| Cerebrovascular accident/transient ischaemic attack (n (%)) | 3 (2.5) |
| Abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (n (%)) | 64 (52.9) |
| Macrovascular disease (n (%)) | 72 (59.5) |
| Chronic kidney disease (n (%)) | 9 (7.4) |
| On metformin (n (%)) | 109 (90.1) |
| On sulphonylurea (n (%)) | 36 (29.8) |
| On gliptins (n (%)) | 6 (5) |
| On insulin (n (%)) | 6 (5) |
| On angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/on angiotensin receptor blocker (n (%)) | 77 (63.6) |
| On β-blocker (n (%)) | 22 (18.2) |
| On calcium channel blocker (n (%)) | 23 (19) |
| On diuretic (n (%)) | 33 (23.7) |
| On aspirin (n (%)) | 38 (31.4) |
| On statin (n (%)) | 81 (66.9) |
| On fibrate (n (%)) | 7 (5.8) |
| On allopurinol (n (%)) | 5 (4.1) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)† | 31.22 (27.94–34.53) |
| Body surface area (m2)∗ | 1.89 ± 0.21 |
| Waist index∗ | 1.19 ± 0.14 |
| Pulse rate (bpm)† | 68 (61.5–78.5) |
| Mean systolic pressure (mmHg)∗ | 144.19 ± 17.82 |
| Mean diastolic pressure (mmHg)∗ | 84.60 ± 8.76 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg)∗ | 61.53 ± 13.66 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)† | 107 (93–113) |
| White cell count (×109/L)† | 7.16 (6.26–8.69) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL)† | 14.35 (13.33–15.18) |
| Platelet count (×109/L)† | 240.5 (206–284.75) |
| Red blood cell distribution width (%)† | 13.1 (12.53–13.7) |
| Mean platelet volume (fL)† | 10.9 (10.2–11.6) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2)∗ | 91.22 ± 24.61 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 4.12 (3.55–5.15) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 1.24 (1.06–1.51) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 2.19 (1.67–3.19) |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 2.8 (2.26–3.82) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)† | 1.36 (0.97–1.7) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (mmol/L)† | 69 (55–83.5) |
| Alanine transaminase (mmol/L)† | 23 (18–32.5) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L)∗ | 313.05 ± 79.98 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm 1st hr)† | 10.5 (6–18) |
| Albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)† | 7.08 (1–23.34) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)† | 7.08 (6.11–8.18) |
| Fructosamine (μmol/L)† | 278 (257–303) |
| Glycated haemoglobin (%)† | 6.8 (6.3–7.6) |
Values are expressed as number (%) of patients, ∗mean ± SD, or †median (IQR).