Table 3.
Demographic and clinical findings of subjects with and without macrovascular disease.
| Variable | No macrovascular disease (n = 49) | Macrovascular disease (n = 72) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)† | 66 (62–69) | 61 (54.25–67) | 0.001 |
| Male : female (n (%)) | 34 (69.4) : 15 (30.6) | 55 (76.4) : 17 (23.6) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes duration (years)† | 3.5 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 0.23 |
| Smoking (current/ex/nonsmokers) (n (%)) | 4 (8.1)/19 (38.8)/26 (53.1) | 18 (25.0)/22 (30.6)/32 (44.4) | 0.06 |
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 29 (59.18) | 51 (70.83) | 0.24 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (n (%)) | 36 (73.47) | 51 (70.83) | 0.84 |
| CKD (n (%)) | 2 (4.08) | 7 (9.72) | 0.31 |
| Metformin (n (%)) | 44 (89.80) | 65 (90.28) | 1.00 |
| Sulphonylurea (n (%)) | 14 (28.57) | 50 (69.44) | 0.84 |
| Gliptins (n (%)) | 4 (8.16) | 2 (2.77) | 0.22 |
| Insulin (n (%)) | 1 (2.04) | 5 (6.94) | 0.40 |
| ACEI/ARB (n (%)) | 29 (59.18) | 48 (66.67) | 0.44 |
| β-blocker (n (%)) | 7 (14.29) | 15 (20.83) | 0.47 |
| CCB (n (%)) | 11 (22.45) | 12 (16.67) | 0.48 |
| Diuretic (n (%)) | 14 (28.57) | 19 (26.39) | 0.84 |
| Aspirin (n (%)) | 9 (18.36) | 29 (40.28) | 0.02 |
| Statin (n (%)) | 29 (59.18) | 52 (72.22) | 0.17 |
| Fibrate (n (%)) | 6 (12.24) | 1 (1.39) | 0.02 |
| Allopurinol (n (%)) | 2 (4.08) | 3 (4.17) | 1.00 |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 31.22 (27.67–33.97) | 31.31 (27.9–35.19) | 0.35 |
| BSA (m2)∗ | 1.83 ± 0.20 | 1.93 ± 0.21 | 0.007 |
| Waist index∗ | 1.17 ± 0.15 | 1.20 ± 0.13 | 0.22 |
| Pulse rate (bpm)† | 65 (61–80.25) | 71 (62–78) | 0.84 |
| Mean SBP (mmHg)∗ | 146 ± 18.28 | 142.96 ± 17.54 | 0.36 |
| Mean DBP (mmHg)∗ | 85.66 ± 7.34 | 83.88 ± 9.58 | 0.25 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg)∗ | 62.18 ± 15.6 | 61.07 ± 12.22 | 0.68 |
| MAP (mmHg)† | 106 (97.5–112.5) | 90.75 (107.5–113) | 0.77 |
Values are expressed as number (%) of patients, ∗mean ± SD, or †median (IQR). ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; CCB: calcium channel blocker; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure.