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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2018 May 19;430(14):2066–2079. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.029

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Schematic representation of HIV-1 derived test vectors used to study minimal packaging determinants. At top: cartoon diagram of structural elements in HIV-1’s 5′ leader, including TAR, polyA, PBS, DIS, SD, Ψ and AUG stem-loops [2]. Below: Modular organization of test vectors. Transcription is controlled by the native HIV-1 promoter, U3. HIV-1 genome fragments are: L688: HIV-1 strain NL4-3 5′ leader from its 5′ end (RNA base 1) to base 688; L350: HIV-1 5′ leader sequence from base 1 to base 350; RRE: 858 base fragment of env (bases 7156–8014, using HXB2 numbering) that includes the RRE and downstream flanking sequences; RRE400: 400 base env fragment (bases 7156–7556) that includes the RRE; LTR: 3′ LTR. Non-retroviral sequences included in some of test vectors are puro: puromycin resistance expression cassette; and pA: minimal polyadenylation signal [see Materials and Methods]. (B) Schematic representation of HIV-1 derived helpers used in this study. CMVΔR8.2, an HIV-1 Ψ− helper and NL4-3-GPP, an HIV-1 Ψ+ helper, were described previously [38, 48].