Table 2.

Transmission, symptoms, and treatment strategies for soil transmitted helminths in children

	Mode of Transmission	Major Symptoms	Treatment	References
Hookworm	Direct percutaneous invasion of larvae in contaminated soil	Growth stunting, cognitive restriction, iron deficiency anemia, and protein losses	Albendazole 400 mg once or mebendazole 100 mg bid × 3 d	8,9,20
Roundworm	Oral ingestion of eggs in contaminated soil	Growth stunting, cognitive restriction, vitamin A malabsorption, intestinal obstruction, asthma	Albendazole 400 mg once or mebendazole 100 mg bid × 3 d	8,9,20
Whipworm	Oral ingestion of eggs in contaminated soil	Growth stunting, cognitive restriction, trichuris colitis, trichuris dysentery syndrome	Albendazole 400 mg po for 3–7 d or mebendazole 100 mg bid for 3–7 d	8,9,20
Schistosomiasis	Direct percutaneous invasion of larvae in fresh water	Growth stunting, cognitive restriction, bladder cancer, liver fibrosis, hematuria, renal failure, female genital schistosomiasis	Praziquantel 20 mg/kg twice a day for 1 d	8,9,20