Table 5.
Causes of Death, and Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for Selected Causes
| Organ system (ICD-9/ICD-10 codes) | Observed deaths | Percent | Expected deaths | SMRa | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulatory (390–459/I00–I99): | 340.8 | 26% | 239.8 | 1.42 | 1.27–1.57 |
| Ischemic heart disease (410–414) | 126.6 | 9.6% | |||
| Other heart disease (420–429) | 81.2 | 6.1% | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease (430–439) | 69.0 | 5.2% | |||
| Hypertensive disease (401–405) | 29.8 | 2.2% | |||
| Arterial disease (440–449) | 20.1 | 1.5% | |||
| Pulmonary circulation disease (415–417) | 12.9 | 1.0% | |||
| Venous disease (451–459) | 1.2 | < 1% | |||
| Respiratory (460–519/J00–J98): | 176.6 | 13% | 67.5 | 2.62 | 2.23–3.00 |
| Pneumonia (480–486/J12–J18) | 80.0 | 6% | 19.3 | 4.15 | 3.24–5.06 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and allied conditions (490–496) | 38.3 | 3% | |||
| Aspiration pneumonia (507/J69) | 36.6 | 3% | 5.7 | 6.40 | 4.33–8.48 |
| Other respiratory disease | 21.7 | 2% | |||
| Neoplasm (140–239): | 116.3 | 9% | |||
| Other/unspecified site (190–199) | 22.6 | 1.7% | |||
| Respiratory (160–169) | 21.0 | 1.6% | |||
| Genitourinary (179–189) | 20.1 | 1.5% | |||
| Uncertain behavior/unspecified nature (235–239) | 19.0 | 1.4% | |||
| Digestive organs (150–159) | 16.3 | 1.2% | |||
| Lymphatic/hematopoietic (200–208) | 12.7 | 1.0% | |||
| Bone, breast (170–176) | 3.9 | < 1% | |||
| Neuroendocrine (209) | 0.6 | < 1% | |||
| External causes of injury and poisoning (E800–E999/V01–Y89): | 92.8 | 7% | 23.7 | 3.91 | 3.12–4.71 |
| Fall (E880–E888/W00/W19) | 30.7 | 2% | 5.7 | 5.35 | 3.46–7.24 |
| Accidental poisonings (E850–E869/X40–X49) | 20.7 | 2% | 1.9 | 10.68 | 6.08–15.28 |
| Vehicular (E800–E848/V01–V99, Y85) | 17.6 | 1% | 5.1 | 3.44 | 1.83–5.05 |
| Suicide (E950–E959/X60–X84, U03) | 10.1 | < 1% | 3.8 | 2.64 | 1.01–4.27 |
| Homicide (E960–E969/X85–Y09, U01–U02, Y87.1) | 7.1 | < 1% | 1.4 | 4.92 | 1.30–8.54 |
| Other accidents (E916–E928) | 2.0 | < 1% | |||
| Injury of unknown intent (E980–E989) | 1.9 | < 1% | |||
| Submersion, suffocation (E910–E915) | 0.8 | < 1% | |||
| Adverse effect of treatment (E934) | 0.7 | < 1% | |||
| Medical complication (E879) | 1.3 | < 1% | |||
| Infectious disease (001–139): | 85.2 | 6% | |||
| Sepsis (038/A40–A41) | 76.3 | 6% | 8.1 | 9.37 | 7.26–11.47 |
| Other infectious disease | 8.9 | < 1% | |||
| Nervous system (320–389/G00–G98): | 63.8 | 5% | 35.9 | 1.78 | 1.34–2.21 |
| Hereditary/degenerative CNS disease (330–337) | 56.5 | 4% | |||
| Other nervous system disease | 7.3 | < 1% | |||
| Mental disorders (290–319/F00–F99) | 47.4 | 4% | 21.8 | 2.17 | 1.55–2.79 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system (580–629) | 35.9 | 3% | |||
| Diseases of the digestive system (520–579/K00–K92) | 27.4 | 2% | 18.2 | 1.51 | 0.94–2.07 |
| Other signs, symptoms, ill–defined conditions (780–799, not 780.3) | 24.4 | 2% | |||
| Diseases of the endocrine, immune, systems (240–279) | 21.2 | 2% | |||
| Seizure (780.3/G40–G41, R56.8) | 13.3 | 1% | 0.3 | 50.00 | 23.15–76.84 |
| Congenital anomalies (747) | 10.4 | < 1% | |||
| Diseases of blood (280–289) | 2.7 | < 1% | |||
| Diseases of the skin, subcutaneous, connective tissue (680–739) | 0.8 | < 1% | |||
| Unknown cause | 266.5 | 20% | |||
| Total deaths | 1325.4 |
a
Bolded SMRs are statistically significant; that is, the mortality of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is different from that of the general population.
ICD, International Classification of Diseases.