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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 19.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Aug 25;51(18):10615–10623. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01364

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Transmission electron micrographs of TiO2 NPs under 20 kV. (A) TiO2 NPs were characterized in Milli-Q water; (B–F) Transverse root sections of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in 50 mg/L TiO2 NP suspension for 24 h were observed under STEM-EDS. Microstructure, as denoted in blue, included exodermis (exo), sclerenchyma (scl), epidermis (epi), cell wall (cw), intercellular space (is) and cytoplasm (cy). Condensed dark spots, shown with red arrow, represented TiO2 NPs and were identified as Ti through energy-dispersive spectroscopy. In the EDS figure (G), the red spectrum is an example of an area with Ti-containing particles while the green spectrum is a background spectrum that does not contain nanoparticles. Copper signals come from the grids.