Table 2.
Characteristics associated with loss to follow-up (with death as the competing event)
| Characteristics (n=402) |
LFU, n | Person Years (PY) |
Crude loss to follow-up rate per 100 PY (95% CI) |
Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| SHR (95% CI) | p-value | aSHR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Overall | 37 | 844 | 4.4 (3.2 – 6.0) | - | - | - | - |
|
| |||||||
| Age at ART initiation | |||||||
| 10–14 years | 20 | 700 | 2.8 (1.8 – 4.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 15–19 years | 17 | 144 | 11.8 (7.4 – 19.1) | 2.98 (1.61 – 5.53) | 0.001 | 2.44 (1.18 – 5.02) | 0.016 |
|
| |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 27 | 517 | 5.2 (3.6 – 7.6) | 1.59 (0.77 – 3.28) | 0.212 | 1.82 (0.81 – 4.09) | 0.146 |
| Female | 10 | 327 | 3.1 (1.6 – 5.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Mode of HIV acquisition$ | |||||||
| Perinatal | 26 | 752 | 3.4 (2.3 – 5.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Behavioral | 5 | 56 | 8.9 (3.7 – 21.3) | 1.59 (0.61 –4.12) | 0.342 | 0.57 (0.16 –2.08) | 0.399 |
| Unknown | 6 | 33 | 18.0 (8.1 – 40.1) | 4.21 (1.84 – 9.59) | 0.001 | 2.15 (0.81 –5.74) | 0.125 |
|
| |||||||
| Residence from ART centre | |||||||
| <5 km | 11 | 197 | 5.6 (3.1 – 10.1) | 1.40 (0.62 –3.16) | 0.411 | ||
| 5 to <10 km | 8 | 227 | 3.5 (1.8 – 7.0) | 0.90 (0.37 – 2.17) | 0.819 | - | - |
| ≥10 to < 20 km | 6 | 130 | 4.6 (2.1 – 10.2) | 1.20 (0.45 – 3.23) | 0.711 | ||
| ≥20 km | 12 | 274 | 4.4 (2.5 – 7.7) | 1 | |||
|
| |||||||
| CD4 category at ART start¥ | |||||||
| <200 | 20 | 478 | 4.2 (2.7 – 6.5) | 0.57 (0.23 – 1.43) | 0.232 | 0.79 (0.30 – 2.07) | 0.627 |
| 200–350 | 11 | 300 | 3.7 (2.0 – 6.6) | 0.55 (0.20 – 1.52) | 0.250 | 0.68 (0.22 – 2.07) | 0.498 |
| >350 | 5 | 61 | 8.2 (3.4 – 19.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
| |||||||
| WHO category at ART start¥ | |||||||
| I & II | 14 | 410 | 3.4 (2.0 – 5.8) | 1 | - | - | |
| III & IV | 22 | 412 | 5.3 (3.5 – 8.1) | 1.60 (0.82 – 3.14) | 0.170 | ||
|
| |||||||
| NNRTI regimen | |||||||
| Nevirapine based | 21 | 644 | 3.3 (2.1 – 5.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Efavirenz based | 15 | 155 | 9.6 (5.8 – 16.0) | 2.37 (1.23 – 4.58) | 0.010 | 1.89 (0.91 – 3.93) | 0.087 |
|
| |||||||
| Year of ART start | |||||||
| 2005 –2009 | 21 | 677 | 3.1 (2.0 – 4.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2010 – 2014 | 16 | 167 | 9.6 (5.9 – 15.6) | 2.10 (1.13 – 3.93) | 0.020 | 1.54 (0.69 – 3.42) | 0.287 |
¥
The CD4 variable has 6 missing values, NNRTI regimen 5 missing values WHO category 16 missing values. One person categorized as LTFU has one values missing for the aforementioned variables, hence the total number of LTFU in these three variables is 36. Using continuous CD4 counts per 100 cell increase, does not appear to be associated with LTFU and the interpretation remains the same as when using categorical CD4 counts. Hence this has not been shown separately.
$
Behavioral modes of HIV acquisition include heterosexual, IV drug use and blood transfusion
*
Adjusted for age, sex, mode of HIV acquisition, CD4 categories and year of ART start