Table 3.

Characteristics associated with mortality

Characteristics (n=402)	Deaths, n	Person Years (PY)	Crude mortality rate per 100 PY (95% CI)	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis*
				HR (95% CI)	p-value	aHR (95% CI)	p-value
Overall	42	844	4.9 (3.7 – 6.7)	-	-	-	-
Age at ART start
10–14 years	32	700	4.5 (3.2 – 6.5)	1.05 (0.51 – 2.16)	0.891	1.01 (0.48 – 2.15)	0.974
15–19 years	10	144	6.8 (3.7 – 12.9)	1		1
Sex
Male	30	517	5.8 (4.0 – 8.3)	1.54 (0.79 – 3.02)	0.201	1.66 (0.83 – 3.53)	0.155
Female	12	327	3.7 (2.1 – 6.5)	1		1
Mode of HIV acquisition
Perinatal	34	752	4.5 (3.2 – 6.3)	1
Behavioral$	6	56	10. 6 (4.8 – 23.7)	1.43 (0.6 – 3.4)	0.422	-	-
Unknown	2	33	5.9 (1.5 – 23.9)	1.05 (0.25 – 4.38)	0.945
Residence from ART centre
<5 km	11	196	5.6 (3.1 – 10.1)	1. 24 (0.57 – 2.69)	0.594
5 to <10 km	11	227	4.8 (2.7 – 8.7)	1.01 (0.46 – 2.19)	0.990	-	-
≥10 to < 20 km	5	130	3.8 (1.6 – 9.2)	0.76 (0.28 – 2.11)	0.605
≥20 km	15	273	5.4 (3.3 – 9.1)	1
WHO category at ART start
I & II	12	410	2.9 (1.7 – 5.2)	1		1
III & IV	27	412	6.5 (4.5 – 9.5)	2.54 (1.28 – 5.02)	0.007	2.26 (1.14 – 4.48)	0.020
Year of ART start
2005 –2009	32	677	4.7 (3.3 – 6.7)	1.40 (0.68 – 2.89)	0.361	-	-
2010 – 2014	10	167	5.9 (3.2 – 11.1)	1
NNRTI regimen
Nevirapine based	26	644	4.0 (2.7 – 5.9)	1		1
Efavirenz based	16	155	10.3 (6.1 – 16.8)	2.09 (1.12 – 3.93)	0.021	1.89 (0.97 – 3.71)	0.062
CD4 category at ART start
<200	29	478	6.1 (4.2 – 8.7)	4.40 (0.60 – 32.37)	0.145
200–350	12	300	3.9 (2.3 – 7.0)	3.21 (0.42 –24.78)	0.263	-	-
>350	1	61	1.6 (0.2 – 11.6)	1
CD4/100 cells#	-	-	-	0.68 (0.50 – 0.92)	0.012	0.59 (0.43 – 0.83)	0.012

^$Behavioral modes of HIV acquisition include heterosexual, IV drug use and blood transfusion

^#Continuous CD4 counts per 100 cell increment. Using CD4 categorically does not seem to be associated with mortality, but using them as a continuous variable, appears to have an association with mortality.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, WHO categories, NNRTI regimen and CD4 increment by 100 cells.