Table 2. . Imaging biomarkers and their biological correlates.
| Imaging modality | Imaging biomarker | Biological correlate |
|---|---|---|
| MRS | Cho | Membrane turnover, cell proliferation |
| NAA | Neuronal integrity | |
| Lipid | Intracellular lipid droplets and cell necrosis | |
| Lactate | Anaerobic respiration, cell hypoxia | |
| 2HG | IDH1 mutation | |
| PWI | rCBV | Blood volume |
| rCBF | Blood flow | |
| Ktrans | Vascular permeability | |
| DWI | ADC | Reduced water mobility reflecting cellular density and physical properties of the extracellular matrix |
| Metabolic Imaging | 18F-FDG and 201Tl uptake, radiolabeled amino acid uptake | Cell proliferation and metabolism, amino acid transport through the cell membrane |
ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; MRS: MR spectroscopy; PWI: Perfusion-weighted imaging.