Table 1.
Diagnostic Comparisons of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Statistics
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BD (n = 200) | HC (n = 49) | t or χ² | p | Ф or η2p | |
| Diagnosis, n | |||||
| BD I | 157 | - | |||
| BD II | 43 | - | |||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Males | 107 (53.5) | 22 (44.9) | 1.23 | 0.27 | 0.07 |
| Females | 93 (46.5) | 27 (55.1) | |||
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Caucasian | 69 (34.5) | 14 (28.6) | 0.59 | 0.44 | -0.05 |
| Non-Caucasian | 131 (65.5) | 35 (71.4) | |||
| Employment status, n (%) | |||||
| Not employed | 140 (70.0) | 14 (29.2) | 27.42 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
| Employed | 60 (30.0) | 34 (70.8) | |||
| Age, years | 43.64 (11.96) | 40.02 (13.68) | 1.85 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Age of onset, years | 20.53 (8.32) | - | |||
| Education, years | 14.22 (2.41) | 15.51 (1.78) | −4.20 | <0.001 | 0.05 |
| Depressive symptoms; HRSD | 7.50 (6.44) | 0.57 (1.29) | 14.10 | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| Manic symptoms; CARS-M | 3.41 (4.36) | 0.25 (0.80) | 9.62 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
| Premorbid IQ; WRAT-3 | 101.65 (13.73) | 106.02 (12.94) | −2.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Note: Data are given as mean (standard deviation).
BD, Bipolar Disorder; HC, Healthy Control; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; CARS-M, Clinician Administered Rating Scale for Mania; IQ, intelligence quotient; WRAT-3, Wide Range Achievement Test.