Table III.
Lifestyle characteristics of the studying and employed musicians and controls.
| Studying vs. employed musicians | Soloists? (n=18/18) | choristers (n=72/74) | Keyboard and percussion (n=34/21) | Strings (n=51/28) | Brass (n=28/15) | control (n=153/88) | P-value ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studying: No breakfast, n (%) | 1 (9.09) | 2 (3.85) | 4 (11.76) | 5 (9.8) | 2 (7.14) | 15 (9.8) | 0.752 |
| Employed: No breakfast, n (%) | 2 (11.11) | 5 (9.26) | 1 (5) | 2 (8.33) | 2 (15.38) | 6 (8.96) | 0.937 |
| p-value * | 0.339/1 | 0.184/1 | 1/1 | 0.064/0.512 | 0.332/1 | 0.728/1 | |
| Studying: Eating on the run, n (%) | 2 (18.18) | 9 (17.65) | 3 (8.82) | 7 (13.73) | 4 (14.29) | 33 (21.57) | 0.522 |
| Employed: Eating on the run, n (%) | 7 (38.89) | 20 (37.74) | 8 (40) | 12 (44.44) | 5 (35.71) | 18 (26.87) | 0.621 |
| p-value * | 0.151/0.706 | 0.003/0.018 | 0.046 | <0.001/<0.001 | 0.222/1 | 0.082/0492 | |
| Studying: No meals with family/day, n (%) | 2 (18.18) | 13 (25) | 11 (32.35) | 16 (31.37) | 6 (21.43) | 28 (18.3) | 0.317 |
| Employed: No meals with family/day, n (%) | 2 (11.11) | 9 (16.67) | 3 (15) | 1 (3.57) | 1 (6.67) | 10 (13.89) | 0.63 |
| p-value * | 1/1 | 0.313/1 | 0.052/0.312 | 0.041/0.246 | 0.134/0.794 | 0.452/1 | |
| Studying: Smoking, n (%) | 1 (10) | 16 (33.33) | 12 (35.29) | 19 (37.25) | 8 (28.57) | 48 (31.37) | 0.661 |
| Employed: Smoking, n (%) | 6 (33.33) | 7 (12.96) | 6 (30) | 2 (7.14) | 5 (33.33) | 23 (36.51) | 0.006 |
| p-value * | 0.461/1 | 0.003/0.018 | 0.555/1 | 0.005/0.030 | 0.794/1 | 0.554/1 | |
| Studying: Sleeping <=7 hours/day, n (%) | 2 (16.67) | 8 (14.04) | 5 (14.71) | 9 (17.65) | 4 (14.29) | 25 (16.34) | 0.996 |
| Employed: Sleeping <=7 hours/day, n (%) | 7 (38.89) | 13 (24.07) | 9 (45) | 9 (32.14) | 3 (20) | 27 (32.53) | 0.479 |
| p-value * | 0.075/0.450 | 0.028/0.168 | 0.026/0.156 | 0.379/1 | 0.181/1 | 0.001/0.003 | |
| Studying: No exercise, n (%) | 6 (33.33) | 7 (9.72) | 5 (14.71) | 5 (9.8) | 1 (3.57) | 15 (9.8) | 0.078 |
| Employed: No exercise, n (%) | 2 (11.11) | 5 (9.26) | 3 (14.29) | 4 (14.29) | 1 (6.67) | 17 (19.32) | 0.657 |
| p-value * | 0.162/0.972 | 0.824/1 | 1/1 | 0.312/1 | 1/1 | 0.007/0.042 | |
| Studying: Expressing emotions (less easy), n (%) | 8 (44.44) | 22 (30.56) | 12 (35.29) | 28 (54.9) | 10 (35.71) | 58 (37.91) | 0.145 |
| Employed: Expressing emotions (less easy), n (%) | 8 (44.44) | 15 (27.78) | 6 (28.57) | 5 (17.86) | 4 (26.67) | 40 (45.45) | 0.059 |
| p-value * | 0.461/1 | 0.69/1 | 0.806/1 | 0.017/0.102 | 0.682/1 | 0.478/1 | |
| Studying: Sleep problems - medium to very important, n (%) | 13 (72.22) | 31 (43.06) | 23 (67.65) | 29 (56.86) | 15 (53.57) | 58 (37.91) | 0.003 |
| Employed: Sleep problems - medium to very important, n (%) | 9 (50) | 14 (25.93) | 12 (57.14) | 8 (28.57) | 5 (33.33) | 20 (22.73) | 0.02 |
| p-value * | 0.202/1 | 0.037/0.222 | 0.806/1 | 0.122/0.732 | 0.722/1 | 0.028/0.168 | |
| Studying: Alcoholic drinks, n (%) | 5 (38.46) | 24 (41.38) | 14 (53.85) | 30 (69.77) | 12 (52.17) | 60 (42.25) | 0.034 |
| Employed: Alcoholic drinks, n (%) | 13 (86.67) | 19 (40.43) | 9 (47.37) | 11 (50) | 7 (58.33) | 45 (56.96) | 0.056 |
| p-value * | 0.089/0.534 | 0.567/1 | 0.727/1 | 0.033/0.198 | 0.76/1 | 0.022/0.132 |
*
- uncorrected/Bonferroni corrected p-values for the comparisons between studying and employed groups within each musician type subgroups;
**
- p-values for the comparisons between all musician types and their corresponding control group within each education groups: studying and employed ones.